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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Peoria, Illinois » National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research » Functional Foods Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #350934
Research Project: Evaluation of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Low-Value Agricultural Crops and Products to Enhance Their Use and Value

Location: Functional Foods Research

Title: Various extraction methods influence the adhesive properties of DDGS .... pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and lesquerella (Lesquerella fendleri A. Gary (S. Watson) in the fabrication of lignocellulosic composites

Author
item Tisserat, Brent
item Eller, Fred
item Harry O Kuru, Rogers

Submitted to: FIBERS
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/5/2018
Publication Date: 4/24/2018
Citation: Tisserat, B., Eller, F., Harry-O'kuru, R. 2018. Various extraction methods influence the adhesive properties of dried distiller's grains and solubles, and press cakes of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and lesquerella (Lesquerella fendleri A. Gary (S. Watson) in the fabrication of lignocellulosic composites. Fibers. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6020026.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fib6020026

Interpretive Summary: Alternative non-dietary uses of oil seed press cakes and DDGS are required in order to boost revenues. We employed oil seed press cakes and DDGS as adhesives to fabricate bio-composites. Further we sought to improve their adhesive properties through various oil removal processes. These novel adhesives are entirely biobased and therefore will not emit environmentally harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde which have cancerous effects on animals. Commercialization of these adhesives will benefit both the ethanol and wood fabrication industries.

Technical Abstract: Lignocellulosic composite (LC) panels were fabricated using an adhesive matrix prepared from three different agricultural by-products: dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) press cake (PPC) or lesquerella (Lesquerella fendleri A. Gary (S. Watson) press cake (LPC) reinforced with Paulownia elongata L. wood (PW) particles. The goal of this research was to assess the mechanical properties of composites utilizing these low-cost matrix materials subjected to various oil extraction methods. Three types of oil extraction methods were utilized, ethanol, supercritical CO2 and hexane, in order to generate matrix materials. These matrix materials were mixed with equal proportions of PW and hot pressed to generate panels. Overall, hexane extraction was found to be the best method to improve the mechanical properties of the matrices used to fabricate lignocellulosic composites. LPC’s produced a matrix that gave the resulting composite superior flexural properties compared to composites generated from DDGS and PPC matrices. The mechanical properties of composites generated from soy products (soybean meal flour or soy protein isolate) were similar to those derived from DDGS, PPC or LPC. The dimensional stability properties of LCs were improved when the hexane extraction method was employed compared to the other extraction methods to generate matrices.