Inheritance and variability of total and percent (+)-gossypol in hybrids of cotton and their correlation with agronomic traits

Authors: NAMAZOV, SHADMAN - Uzbekistan Institute Of Cotton Breeding And Seed Production; Bell, Alois - Al; Stipanovic, Robert - Bob; YULDOSHEVA, RANO - Uzbekistan Institute Of Cotton Breeding And Seed Production; USMANOV, SERGEY - Uzbekistan Institute Of Cotton Breeding And Seed Production; AMANTURDIEV, IKROM - Uzbekistan Institute Of Cotton Breeding And Seed Production; GOLUBENKO, ZAMIRA - Institute Of Bioorganic Chemistry; VESHKUROVA, OLGA - Institute Of Bioorganic Chemistry

Submitted to: Asian and Australasian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/5/2012
Publication Date: 1/16/2013
Citation: Namazov, S., Bell, A.A., Stipanovic, R.D., Yuldosheva, R., Usmanov, S., Amanturdiev, I., Golubenko, Z., Veshkurova, O. 2013. Inheritance and variability of total and percent (+)-gossypol in hybrids of cotton and their correlation with agronomic traits. Asian and Australasian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology. 7(Special Issue 2):19-23.

Interpretive Summary: Cottonseed is a valuable source of high quality protein, but it cannot be fed to non-ruminant animals because of the presence of a naturally occurring toxin called gossypol. Gossypol occurs in two forms in the plant; these are referred to as (+)- and (-)-gossypol. Only the latter is toxic to non-ruminants. Utilizing traditional breeding techniques, we are developing plants whose seed contain a very low percentage of (-)-gossypol with the intention of testing it as a feed for chickens. However, its agronomic properties and performance in the field must first be evaluated. Testing under both greenhouse and field conditions in Uzbekistan have shown that plants exhibiting the low percent (-)-gossypol seed trait have the potential for commercialization in Uzbekistan. That is, seed and boll weights, fiber output, and length and strength were inherited independently of the percentage of (+)- and (-)-gossypol. This should allow selection of plants with the desired low (-)-gossypol percentage but with other acceptable agronomic traits.

Technical Abstract: Cottonseed can not be used as a feed for non-ruminant animals because it contains the toxin gossypol. However, gossypol occurs in two forms (+)-gossypol and (-)-gossypol. Only the latter shows a high level of toxicity. To develop cottonseed that contains a high percent of (+)-gossypol, we investiagted the inheritance and variability in hybrids derived from U.S. accessions BC3S1-47-8-1-17 and BC3S1-1-6-3-15 that exhibit the high percent (+)-gossypol seed trait and Uzbek varieties S-6524, S-6530 and S-6532, and lines L-10/04, and L-16/04. We found an intermediate inheritance of (+)-gossypol percent in the trait in petals and seeds at ecologically remote F1 hybrids and positive and negative transgresses in F2-F3 hybrids. This indicates that the percent (+)-gossypol in flower petals can be used as an efficient predictor of the percent (+)-gossypol in seed. Low correlations were observed between the inheritance of the high percent (+)-gossypol seed trait with total gossypol, and agronomic qualities including weight of 1,000 seeds, weight of bolls, fiber output, fiber length and strength. The low correlation values between the high percent of (+)-gossypol in seed with total gossypol and the other agronomic traits indicate the high percent (+)-gossypol seed trait is inherited independently of these other agronomic traits. This should allow the selection of progeny with a high percent of (+)-gossypol in the seeds in combination with desirable agronomic traits.