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Title: The genome sequence of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans

Author
item HASS, BRIAN - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item KAMOUN, SOPHIEN - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item ZODY, MICHAEL - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item JIANG, RAYS - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item HANDSAKER, ROBERT - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item CANO, LILIANA - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item GRABHERR, MANFRED - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item KODIRA, CHINNAPPA - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item RAFFAELE, SYLVAIN - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item TORTO-ALALIBO, TRUDY - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item BOZKURT, TOLGA - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item O'NEILL, KEITH - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item AH-FONG, AUDREY - PLNT PATH & MICRO U OF CA
item ALVARADO, LUCIA - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item ANDERSON, VICKY - UNIV ABERDEEN, UK
item ARMSTRONG, MILES - PL PATH PROG, SCRI, UK
item AVROVA, ANNA - PL PATH PROG, SCRI, UK
item BAXTER, LAURA - UNIV WARWICH, UK
item BENYON, JIM - UNIV WARWICH, UK
item BOEVINK, PETRA - PL PATH PROG, SCRI, UK
item BOS, JORUNN - DEPT PLANT PATH, OSU
item BULONE, VINCENT - RIT ALBANOVA UNIV SWEDEN
item CAI, GUOHONG - PL PATH/PL MIC BIO CORNEL
item CAKIR, CAHID - DEPT PLANT PATH, OSU
item CARRINGTON, JAMES - DEPT BOT PL PATH OSU OR
item CHAWNER, MEGAN - BIO DEPT LAFAY COL PA
item COSTANZO, STEFANO - USDA/ARS, AR
item FAHLGREN, NOAH - DEPT BOT PL PATH OSU OR
item FUGELSTAD, JOHANNA - RIT ALBANOVA UNIV SWEDEN
item GILROY, ELEANOR - PL PATH PROG, SCRI, UK
item GNERRE, SANTE - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item GREEN, PAMELA - University Of Delaware
item GREENVILLE-BRIGGS, LAURA - UNIV ABERDEEN, UK
item GRIFFITH, JOHN - BIO DEPT LAFAY COL PA
item GUPTA, SRIDHARA - DEPT P&SS U OF DEL
item HORN, KAROLYN - BIO DEPT LAFAY COL PA
item HORNER, NEIL - UNIV ABERDEEN, UK
item HU, CHIA-HUI - DEPT PL PATH NCSU RALEI
item HUITEMA, EDGAR - DEPT PLANT PATH, OSU
item JEONG, DONG-HOON - DE BIOTECH INST, DE
item JONES, ALEXANDRA - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item JONES, JONATHAN - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item Jones, Richard
item KARISSON, ELINOR - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item LAMOUR, KURT - ENT PL PATH UNIV TENN
item LIU, ZHENYU - DEPT PL PATH WOOSTER OH
item MA, LIJUN - BR INST MIT HARV CAMB MA
item MACLEAN, DANIEL - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item MARCUS, CHIBUCOS - INST GENOME SCI, U OF MD
item MCDONALD, HAYES - BIOCHEM, VANDERBILT, TN
item MCWALTERS, JESSICA - BIO DEPT LAFAY COL PA
item MEIJER, HAROLD - WAGENINGEN U NETHERLANDS
item MORGAN, MORGAN - COL WOOSTER, WOOSTER, OH
item MORRIS, PAUL - BOWL GR ST U, BOWL GR OH
item MUNRO, CAROL - UNIV ABERDEEN, UK
item OSPINA-GIRALDO, MANUEL - BIO DEPT LAFAY COL PA
item PINZON, ANDRES - LOS ANDES U BOGOTA COL
item PRITCHARD, LEIGHTON - SCRI, DUNDEE, UK
item RAMSAHOVE, BERNARD - UNIV EDINBURGH, UK
item REN, QINHU - VENTER INST ROCKVILLE, MD
item RESTREPO, SILVIA - LOS ANDES U, BOGOTA, COL
item ROY, SOURAV - U OF CA, RIVERSIDE CA
item SADANANDOM, ARI - U OF GLASGOW, GLASGOW UK
item SAVIDOR, ALON - TAU, TELAVIV, ISRAEL
item SCHORNACK, SEBASTIAN - SAINSBRY LAB NORWICH UK
item SCHWARTZ, DAVID - U OF WISC-MAD MADISON WI
item SCHUMANN, ULRIKE - U OF ABERDEEN, ABERDEEN
item SCHWESSINGER, BEN - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item SEYER, LAUREN - LAFAYETTE COL EASTON PA
item SHARPE, TED - BROAD INST CAMBRIDGE MA
item SILVAR, CHRISTINA - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item SONG, JING - OSU WOOSTER OHIO
item STUDHOLME, DAVID - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item SYKES, SEAN - BROAD INST CAMBRIDGE MA
item VONDERVOORT, PETER - WAGENINGEN U NETHERLANDS
item VIPAPORN, PHUNTAMART - BGSU BOWLING GREEN OH
item WAWRA, STEPHAN - U OF ABERDEEN, ABERDEEN
item WEIDE, ROB - WAGENINGEN U NETHERLANDS
item WIN, JOE - SAINSBURY LAB NORWICH UK
item YOUNG, CAROLYN - OSU WOOSTER OHIO
item ZHOU, SHIGUO - U OF W-M MADISON WI
item FRY, WILLIAM - CORNELL U ITHACA NY
item MEYERS, BLAKE - DE BIOTECH INST NEWARK DE
item WEST, PETER - U OF ABERDEEN, ABERDEEN
item RISTAINO, JEAN - NCSU RALEIGH NC
item GOVERS, FRANCINE - WAGENINGEN U NETHERLANDS
item BIRTH, PAUL - UNIV OF DUNDEE UK
item WHISSON, STEPHEN - SCRI DUNDEE UK
item JUDELSON, HOWARD - U OF CA RIVERSIDE CA
item NUSBAUM, CHAD - BROAD INST CAMBRIDGE MA
item Bollmann, Stephanie
item Grunwald, Niklaus - Nik

Submitted to: Nature
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/31/2009
Publication Date: 9/1/2009
Citation: Hass, B., Kamoun, S., Zody, M.C., Jiang, R.H., Handsaker, R.E., Cano, L.M., Grabherr, M., Kodira, C.D., Raffaele, S., Torto-Alalibo, T., Bozkurt, T.O., O'Neill, K.O., Ah-Fong, A.M., Alvarado, L., Anderson, V.L., Armstrong, M., Avrova, A., Baxter, L., Benyon, J., Boevink, P.C., Bos, J.I., Bulone, V., Cai, G., Cakir, C., Carrington, J.C., Chawner, M., Costanzo, S., Fahlgren, N., Fugelstad, J., Gilroy, E.M., Gnerre, S., Green, `.J., Greenville-Briggs, L.J., Griffith, J., Gupta, S., Horn, K., Horner, N.R., Hu, C., Huitema, E., Jeong, D., Jones, A., Jones, J.D., Jones, R.W., Karisson, E., Lamour, K., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Maclean, D., Marcus, C., Mcdonald, H., Mcwalters, J., Meijer, H.J., Morgan, M., Morris, P.F., Munro, C.A., Ospina-Giraldo, M., Pinzon, A., Pritchard, L., Ramsahove, B., Ren, Q., Restrepo, S., Roy, S., Sadanandom, A., Savidor, A., Schornack, S., Schwartz, D.C., Schumann, U.D., Schwessinger, B., Seyer, L., Sharpe, T., Silvar, C., Song, J., Studholme, D.J., Sykes, S., Vondervoort, P.J., Vipaporn, P., Wawra, S., Weide, R., Win, J., Young, C., Zhou, S., Fry, W., Meyers, B.C., West, P.V., Ristaino, J., Govers, F., Birth, P.R., Whisson, S., Judelson, H.S., Nusbaum, C., Bollmann, S.R., Grunwald, N.J. 2009. The genome sequence of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Nature. 461:393-398.

Interpretive Summary: Plants grown as crops provide the world with food. In many countries, food production is concentrated in growing of one or two types of crop plants. When these plants become sick due to infections, they can cause starvation of people relying on these plants. Millions of people died in Ireland during the mid 1800’s when their food crop, potatoes, became sick from a fungus. The fungus still causes damage to world potato crops. The parts of the genetic map of this fungus have been put together in a map to provide directions for possible ways to control this fungus. This information will be valuable for scientists studying control of the fungus, and eventualy for the world populations that rely on potato production as a food source.

Technical Abstract: Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to photosynthetic organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. Here, we report the genome sequence of P. infestans. The ~240 Mb genome is the largest and most complex in the chromalveolate lineage and its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA that accounts for ~74% of the genome. Comparison to two other Phytophthora genomes revealed rapid turnover and significant expansions in P. infestans genes encoding particular families of secreted proteins, many of which are induced in planta. Most notable among these are host translocated effectors including the RXLR class and a novel family of effectors termed Crinklers, for which we demonstrate function inside plant cells. Crinkler genes exhibit high levels of recombination and encode modular proteins with divergent C-terminal domains. Functional analysis showed that several of these Crinkler domains triggered cell death and altered immunity when expressed inside plant cells. We conclude that the highly dynamic and expanded genome of P. infestans accounts for its pathogenic success and fast adaptation to host plants.