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Virupax Baligar
Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory
Research Soil Scientist

Phone: (301) 504-6492
Fax: (301) 504-1998
Room 225

10300 BALTIMORE AVENUE
BLDG 001 BARC-WEST
BELTSVILLE , MD 207052350
Projects
Characterizing and Evaluating the Genetic Diversity and Horticultural Value of Genetic Resources for Cacao and Other Tropical tree crops Economically important to the United States
In-House Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 434392
Development of Sustainable Cacao Production Methods in Costa Rica
Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)
  Accession Number: 427103
Evaluation of Soil Quality Parameters in Tropical Soils and Assessment of Elemental Composition in Tropical Crops
Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)
  Accession Number: 428136
Assess Cacao Germplasm for Abiotic Factors and Improved Agronomic Traits
Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)
  Accession Number: 431232
Cacao Genotypic Response to Abiotic Stresses, and Management Practices on Soil and Cocoa Bean Quality
Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)
  Accession Number: 434277

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Impact of soils and cropping systems on biochemical attributes of dry cacao beans -
Araujo, Q.R., Loureiro, G.A., Rohsius, C., Baligar, V.C. 2018. Impact of soils and cropping systems on biochemical attributes of dry cacao beans. Agrotropica: Revista de Agricultura dos Tropicos Umidos. 30(3):175-194.
Growth, physiological and nutrient uptake traits of Crotalaria cover crops influenced by levels of carbon dioxide under low light Intensities -
Baligar, V.C., Elson, M.K., He, Z.L., Li, Y.C., Paiva, A.D., Ahnert, D. 2018. Growth, physiological and nutrient uptake traits of Crotalaria cover crops influenced by levels of carbon dioxide under low light Intensities. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 23(1):1-14.
Physiological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular responses of young cocoa plants to the toxicity of cr (iii) in soil -
Nascimento, J.L., Almeida, A.F., Barroso, J.P., Mangabeira, P.O., Ahnert, D., Souza, A.G., Silva, J.V., Baligar, V.C. 2018. Physiological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular responses of young cocoa plants to the toxicity of cr (iii) in soil . Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 159:272-283.
Soil quality index for cacao cropping systems -
Araujo, Q.R., Ahnert, D., Loureiro, G.A., Faria, J.C., Fernandes, C.A., Baligar, V.C. 2018. Soil quality index for cacao cropping systems. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science . 64:1892-1909.
Drought tolerance in cacao is mediated by root phenotypic plasticity -
Almeida, A.F., Santos, E.A., Ahnert, D., Branco, M.C., Santos, I.C., Valle, R.R., Baligar, V.C. 2018. Drought tolerance in cacao is mediated by root phenotypic plasticity. PLoS One. 13(2):1-16.
Variability and correlation of physical attributes of soils cultivated with cacao trees in two climate zones in southern Bahia, Brazil -
Arevalo-Hernandez, C.O., Conceicao, P.F., Souza, J.O., Queiroz, P.A., Baligar, V.C. 2017. Variability and correlation of physical attributes of soils cultivated with cacao trees in two climate zones in southern Bahia, Brazil. Agroforestry Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0176-4.
Impact of drought on morphological, physiological and nutrient use efficiency of elite cacao genotypes from Bahia-Brazil, Tarapoto-Peru and Puerto Rico-USA -
Baligar, V.C., Almeida, A.A., Ahner, D., Pires, J.L., Arevalo-Gardini, Goenaga, R.J., He, Z., Elson, M.K. 2018. Impact of drought on morphological, physiological and nutrient use efficiency of elite cacao genotypes from Bahia-Brazil, Tarapoto-Peru and Puerto Rico-USA. Symposium Proceedings. 87:1-11.
Soil microbial communities under cacao agroforestry and cover crop systems in Peru -
Buyer, J.S., Baligar, V.C., He, Z., Gardini, E.A. 2017. Soil microbial communities under cacao agroforestry and cover crop systems in Peru. Applied Soil Ecology. 120:273-280.
Heavy metal accumulations in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) leaves and cocoa beans grown at three main cacao growing regions of Peru -
Arevalo-Gardini, E., Arevalo-Hernandez, C., Baligar, V.C., He, Z. 2017. Heavy metal accumulations in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) leaves and cocoa beans grown at three main cacao growing regions of Peru. Science of the Total Environment. 17(2):410-428.
Impact of soils and cropping systems on composition of mineral elements of dry cacao beans -
Impact of drought on morphological, physiological and nutrient use efficiency of elite Cacao genotypes from Bahia-Brazil, Tarapoto-Peru and Puerto Rico-USA -
Photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural responses of young cacao plants to Cd toxicity in the soil -
Romaria, A., Pereira, L.S., Pereira, L.S., Mangabeira, P.A., Souza, J.O., Ahnert, D., Baligar, V.C. 2017. Photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural responses of young cacao plants to Cd toxicity in the soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.006.
Morphological and physiological responses of plants to cadmium toxicity: A review -
He, S., Yang, X., He, Z., Baligar, V.C. 2017. Morphological and physiological responses of plants to cadmium toxicity: A review. Pedosphere. 27(3):421–438.
Ambient and elevated carbon dioxide on growth, physiological and nutrient uptake parameters of perennial leguminous cover crops under low light intensities -
Baligar, V.C., Elson, M.K., He, Z.L., Li, Y.C., Paiva, A.D., Ahnert, D., Fageria, N.K. 2017. Ambient and elevated carbon dioxide on growth, physiological and nutrient uptake parameters of perennial leguminous cover crops under low light intensities. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 15:1-16.
Influence of low light intensity and soil flooding on cacao physiology -
Silva Branco, M.C., Almeida, A.A., Dalmolin, A.C., Ahnert, D., Baligar, V.C. 2017. Influence of low light intensity and soil flooding on cacao physiology. Scientia Horticulturae. 217:243-257.
Atributos físicos do solo para a cultura do cacaueiro [Physical attributes of soil for the culture of cacao] (In Portuguese) -
Heavy metals in soils of cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.) -
Arevalo-Guardini, E., Cerpa, M., Cernades, L., Baligar, V.C., He, Z. 2016. Heavy metals in soils of cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.). Journal of Applied Ecology. 15:81-89.
Phosphorus Management in Crop Production -
Diallel analysis and growth parameters as selection tools for drought tolerance in young Theobroma cacao plants -
Santos, E.A., Almeida, A.A., Ahnert, D., White, M.C., Valle, R.R., Baligar, V.C. 2016. Diallel analysis and growth parameters as selection tools for drought tolerance in young Theobroma cacao plants. PLoS One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160647.
Soil physical and chemical properties of cacao farms in the south western region of cameroon -
Nkengafac, N., Baligar, V.C. 2016. Soil physical and chemical properties of cacao farms in the south western region of cameroon. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 16:1-10.
Evaluation of soil amendments as a remediation alternative for cadmium contaminated soils under cacao plantations -
Chavez, E., He, Z.L., Stoffella, P., Mylavarapu, R., Li, Y., Baligar, V.C. 2016. Evaluation of soil amendments as a remediation alternative for cadmium contaminated soils under cacao plantations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23:17571-17580.
Chemical speciation of cadmium: an approach to evaluate plant-available cadmium in Ecuadorian soils under cacao production Reprint Icon -
Chavez, E., He, H.E., Stoffella, P.J., Baligar, V.C. 2016. Chemical speciation of cadmium: an approach to evaluate plant-available cadmium in Ecuadorian soils under cacao production. Geoderma. 150:57-62.
Effects of CO2 enrichment and drought pretreatment on metabolite responses to water stress and subsequent rehydration using potato tubers from plants grown in sunlit SPAR chambers Reprint Icon -
Barnaby, J.Y., Fleisher, D.H., Baligar, V.C., Reddy, V., Sicher Jr, R.C. 2015. Effects of CO2 enrichment and drought pretreatment on metabolite responses to water stress and subsequent rehydration using potato tubers from plants grown in sunlit SPAR chambers. Journal of Plant Physiology. 189:126-136.
Concentration of Cadmium in Cacao Beans and its Relationship with Soil Cadmium in Southern Ecuador Reprint Icon -
Chavez, E., He, H.E., Stoffella, P.J., Mylavarapu, R.S., Li, Y.C., Moyano, B., Baligar, V.C. 2015. Concentration of Cadmium in Cacao Beans and its Relationship with Soil Cadmium in Southern Ecuador. Science of the Total Environment. 533:205-214.
Soil biogeochemistry, plant physiology and phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soils -
He, S., He, Z., Yang, X., Stoffella, P., Baligar, V.C. 2015. Soil biogeochemistry, plant physiology and phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soils. Advances in Agronomy. 134:134-225.
Changes in soil physical and chemical properties in long term improved natural and traditional agroforestry management systems of cacao genotypes in Peruvian Amazon Reprint Icon -
Arevalo, E., Canto, M., Alegre, J., Loli, O., Julica, A., Baligar, V.C. 2015. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties in long term improved natural and traditional agroforestry management systems of cacao genotypes in Peruvian Amazon. PLoS One. 10(7):1-29.
Growth and nutrition of cacao seedlings influenced by zinc application in soil Reprint Icon -
Cruz Neto, R.O., Souza Junior, J.O., Sodre, G.A., Baligar, V.C. 2016. Growth and nutrition of cacao seedlings influenced by zinc application in soil. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. 37:1053-1064.
Macro and micro nutrient uptake parameters and use efficiency in cacao genotypes influenced by deficient to excess levels of soil K Reprint Icon -
Li, Y., Elson, M.K., Zhang, D., He, Z., Sicher Jr, R.C., Baligar, V.C. 2015. Macro and micro nutrient uptake parameters and use efficiency in cacao genotypes influenced by deficient to excess levels of soil K. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 7:80-90.
Iron sources effects on growth, physiological parameters and nutrition of cacao -
Baligar, V.C., Sicher Jr, R.C., Elson, M.K., He, Z., Fageria, N.K., De Souza, J.J., Almeida, A.F., Ahnert, D. 2015. Iron sources effects on growth, physiological parameters and nutrition of cacao. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 38:1787-1802.
Nitrogen forms and levels influence on growth and nutrition of cacao -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2017. Nitrogen forms and levels influence on growth and nutrition of cacao. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 40:709-718.
Molecular, physiological and biochemical responses of Theobroma cacao L. genotypes to drought Reprint Icon -
Santosdos, I.C., Anhert, D., Conceicaoda, A.S., Pirovani, C.P., Pires, J.L., Valle, R.R., Baligar, V.C., Almeidade, F.A. 2014. Molecular, physiological and biochemical responses of Theobroma cacao L. genotypes to drought. PLoS One. 9(12):e115746. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0115746.
Zinc requirements of tropical legume cover crops Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Elson, M.K. 2014. Zinc requirements of tropical legume cover crops. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 5:1721-1732.
Evaluation of tropical legume cover crops for copper use efficiency Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. 2014. Evaluation of tropical legume cover crops for copper use efficiency. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 5:1236-1247.
Macronutrients use efficiency and changes in chemical properties of an oxisol as influenced by phosphorus fertilization and tropical cover crops Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Knupp, A.M. 2014. Macronutrients use efficiency and changes in chemical properties of an oxisol as influenced by phosphorus fertilization and tropical cover crops. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 45:1227-1246.
Evaluation of soil quality in areas of cocoa cabruca, forest and multicropping in southern Bahia, Brazil Reprint Icon -
Fernandes, C.A., Araujo, Q.R., Sodre, G.A., Souza, L.S., Gross, E., Oliveira, S., Baligar, V.C. 2014. Evaluation of soil quality in areas of cocoa cabruca, forest and multicropping in southern Bahia, Brazil. Agrotropica: Revista de Agricultura dos Tropicos Umidos. 25(3):137-148.
Nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in rice -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Heihemann, A.B., Carvalho, M.C. 2014. Nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in rice. In: Rakshit, A., Singh, H.B., Nutrient Use Efficiency: From Basics to Advances, New Delhi, India, Springer Publications, p. 285-296.
Nutrient use efficiency in plants: an overview -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2014. Nutrient use efficiency in plants: An overview. In: Rakshit, A., Singh, H.B., Sen, A., editors. Nutrient Use Efficiency: from Basics to Advances. New Delhi, India, Springer Publications. p. 1-14.
Altered physiology, cell structure and gene expression of Theobroma cacao seedlings submitted to Cu toxicity Reprint Icon -
Souzaa, V.L., De Almeidaa, P.S., De Souzaa, J.S., Mangabeira, P.A., De Jesus, R.M., Pirovani, C.P., Ahnesrt, D., Baligar, V.C., Loguercio, L.L. 2013. Altered physiology, cell structure and gene expression of Theobroma cacao seedlings submitted to Cu toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. DOI:10.1007/s11356-013-1983-4.
Physiological traits and metabolites of cacao seedlings influenced by potassium in growth medium Reprint Icon -
Li, Y., Elson, M.K., Zhang, D., Sicher, Jr., R.C., Hang, L., Meinhardt, L.W., Baligar, V.C. 2013. Physiological traits and metabolites of cacao seedlings influenced by potassium in growth medium. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 4:1074-1080.
Soil classification and carbon storage in cacao agroforestry farming systems of Bahia, Brazil Reprint Icon -
Araujo, Q.R., Loureiro, G.A., Santana, S.O., Baligar, V.C. 2013. Soil classification and carbon storage in cacao agroforestry farming systems of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 32:625-647.
Growth, yield and yield components of dry bean as influenced by phosphorus in a tropical acid soil Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. 2016. Growth, yield and yield components of dry bean as influenced by phosphorus in a tropical acid soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2016.1143489.
Carbon, nitrogen, organic phosphorus, microbial biomass and N mineralization in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil Reprint Icon -
Zaia, F.C., Gama-Rodrigues, A.C., Gama-Rodrigues, E.F., Fontes, A.G., Machado, R.C., Baligar, V.C. 2012. Carbon, nitrogen, organic phosphorus, microbial biomass and N mineralization in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil. Agroforestry Systems. 86:197-212.
Physiological and biochemical responses of Theobroma cacao L. genotypes submitted to flooding Reprint Icon -
Bertolde, F.Z., Almeida, A.F., Pirovani, C.P., Ahnert, D., Baligar, V.C., Valle, R.R. 2012. Physiological and biochemical responses of Theobroma cacao L. genotypes submitted to flooding. Photosynthetica. 50(3):447-457.
Mechanisms of nickel uptake, and hyperaccumulation by plants and implications to soil remediation -
He, S., He, Z., Yang, X., Baligar, V.C. 2013. Mechanisms of nickel uptake, and hyperaccumulation by plants and implications to soil remediation. Advances in Agronomy. 117:117-189.
Soil phosphorous influence on growth and nutrition of tropical legume cover crops in acidic soil Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Moreira, A., Moraes, L.A. 2013. Soil phosphorous influence on growth and nutrition of tropical legume cover crops in acidic soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 44:3340-3364.
Photosynthetic photon flux density, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature influence photosynthesis in crotalaria species -
Baligar, V.C., Bunce, J.A., Elson, M.K., Fageria, N.K. 2012. Photosynthetic photon flux density, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature influence photosynthesis in crotalaria species. The Open Plant Science Journal. 6:1-7.
Nutrients and nonessential elements in soil after 11 years of wastewater irrigation Reprint Icon -
Faria, P.B., He, Z.L., Stoffella, P.J., Melfi, A.J., Baligar, V.C. 2012. Nutrients and nonessential elements in soil after 11 years of wastewater irrigation. Environmental Quality. 41:920-927.
Cabruca agroforests of southern Bahia Brazil: tree component, management, species conservation and sustainability Reprint Icon -
Sambuichi, R.R., Vidal, D.B., Piasentin, F.B., Jardim, J.G., Viana, T.G., Menezes, A.A., Mello, D.L., Ahnert, D., Baligar, V.C. 2012. Cabruca agroforests of southern Bahia Brazil: tree component, management, species conservation and sustainability. Biodiversity and Conservation Journal. 21:1055-1077.
Dissecting genetic structure in farmer selections of Theobroma cacao in the Peruvian Amazon: implications for on-farm conservation and rehabilitation -
Zhang, D., Gardini, E.A., Baligar, V.C., Bailey, B.A., Meinhardt, L.W. 2011. Dissecting genetic structure in farmer selections of Theobroma cacao in the Peruvian Amazon: implications for on-farm conservation and rehabilitation. Tropical Plant Biology. 4:106-116.
Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiency by Tropical Legume Cover Crops at varying pH of an Oxisol Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Li, Y.C. 2014. Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiency by Tropical Legume Cover Crops at varying pH of an Oxisol. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 37:294-311.
Aluminum effects on growth, photosynthesis, and mineral nutrition of cacao genotypes Reprint Icon -
Ribeiro, M.A., Almeida, A.F., Mielke, M.S., Gomes, F.P., Pires, M.V., Baligar, V.C. 2013. Aluminum effects on growth, photosynthesis, and mineral nutrition of cacao genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 36:1161-1179.
Growth of tropical legume cover crops as influenced by nitrogen fertilization and Rhizobia Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Ferreira, E.P., Baligar, V.C., Knupp, A.M. 2013. Growth of tropical legume cover crops as influenced by nitrogen fertilization and Rhizobia. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 44:3103-3119.
Relationships between invertebrate communities, litter quality and soil attributes under different cacao agroforestry systems in the south of Bahia, Brazil -
Moco, M., Gamma-Rodrigues, E., Machado, R., Baligar, V.C. 2010. Relationships between invertebrate communities, litter quality and soil attributes under different cacao agroforestry systems in the south of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Applied Ecology. 46:347-354.
Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops 3rd Edition -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Jones, C.A. 2010. Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops 3rd Edition. Boco Raton, FL: CRC Press. 586 pages.
Differential soil acidity tolerance of dry bean genotypes Reprint Icon -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Meio, L.C., De Oliveira, J.P. 2012. Differential soil acidity tolerance of dry bean genotypes. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 43:1523-1531.
Cover crops alter phosphorus soil fractions and organic matter accumulation in a Peruvian cacao agroforestry system Reprint Icon -
Hall, H., Li, Y., Comerford, N., Gardini, E., Cernades, L., Baligar, V.C., Popenoe, H. 2010. Cover crops alter phosphorus soil fractions and organic matter accumulation in a Peruvian cacao agroforestry system. Agroforestry Systems. 80:447-455.
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) products use on agricultural land -
Baligar, V.C., Clark, R.B., Korcak, R.F., Wright, R.J. 2011. Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) products use on agricultural land. Advances in Agronomy. 111:51-86.
Distribution of oxidizable organic c fractions in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in Southern Bahia, Brazil Reprint Icon -
Barreto, A.B., Gamma-Rodrigues, E.F., Gamma-Rodrigues, A.C., Polidoro, J.C., Moco, M.K., Machado, R.C., Baligar, V.C. 2010. Distribution of oxidizable organic c fractions in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in Southern Bahia, Brazil. Agroforestry Systems. 81:213-220.
Carbon storage in soil-size fractions under two cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil -
Gama-Rodrigues, E.F., Ramachandran, N.P., Nair, V.D., Gama-Rodrigues, A.C., Baligar, V.C., Machado, R.C. 2010. Carbon storage in soil-size fractions under two cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 45:274-283.
Molecular, physiological and morphological analysis of waterlogging tolerance in clonal genotypes of Theobroma cacao -
Bertolde, F.Z., Almeida, A.A., Correa, R.X., Loguercio, L.L., Gomes, F.P., Gaiotto, F.A., Baligar, V.C. 2009. Molecular, physiological and morphological analysis of waterlogging tolerance in clonal genotypes of Theobroma cacao. Tree Physiology. 30:56-67.
Dry bean genotype evaluation for growth, yield components and phosphorus use efficiency -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Moreira, A., Portes, T.A. 2010. Dry bean genotype evaluation for growth, yield components and phosphorus use efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 33:2167-2181.
Influence of Cacao Genotypes on Soil Rhizosphere Biological Parameters Under Agro Forestry System -
Arevalo-Gardini, E., Baligar, V.C., Manuel, C.S., Alegree, J.C. 2010. Influence of Cacao Genotypes on Soil Rhizosphere Biological Parameters Under Agro Forestry System. Proceedings of the International Cocoa Producer's Conference. 527-532.
Soil Biological Parameters Influenced By Cocoa Management Systems -
Arevalo-Gardini, E., Baligar, V.C., Manuel, C.S., Alegree, J.C. 2010. Soil Biological Parameters Influenced By Cocoa Management Systems. Proceedings of the International Cocoa Producer's Conference. 303-309.
The Oil of Matico (Piper aduncum L.) an Alternative for the Control of Cacao Frosty Pod Rot (Moniliophthora roreri) in Peru -
Cacau Cabruca Agroforestry System of Production in Bahia, Brazil -
Cabruca its agrobiodiversity potential on small farmers in Southern region of Bahia, Brazil -
Carbon stock and available nutrients in soils under “cacao-cabruca” system in southeast areas of Bahia, Brazil -
Distribution of organic C oxidizable fractions in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in southern Bahia, Brazil -
Micronutrients for Sustainable Agriculture -
Photosynthesis in tropical cover crop legumes influenced by irradiance, external carbon dioxide concentration and temperature -
Baligar, V.C., Bunce, J.A., Elson, M.K., Fageria, N.K. 2010. Photosynthesis in tropical cover crop legumes influenced by irradiance, external carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. Tropical Grasslands. 44:24-32.
Establishment of five cover crops and total soil nutrient extraction in a humid tropical soil in the Peruvian Amazon -
Puertas, F., Arevalo, E., Zuniga, L., Alegre, J., Loli, O., Soplin, H., Baligar, V.C. 2008. Establishment of five cover crops and total soil nutrient extraction in a humid tropical soil in the Peruvian Amazon. Ecologia Aplicada. 7:23-28.
Soil and litter fauna of cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil -
Silva Moco, M.K., Gama-Rodrigues, E.F., Gama-Rodrigues, A.C., Machado, V.C., Baligar, V.C. 2009. Soil and litter fauna of cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil. Agroforestry Systems. 76:127-138.
The occurrence and frequency of Witches’ Broom Disease associated with Wild Cacao from the Upper Amazon of Peru -
Arevalo, E.G., Marquez, D.K., Samuels, G.J., Zhang, D., Robles, R., Arevalo, J., Barreto, A., Alvardo, C., Baligar, V.C., Meinhardt, L.W. 2008. The occurrence and frequency of Witches’ Broom Disease associated with Wild Cacao from the Upper Amazon of Peru. XX Congress Peruano de Fitopatologia 2008. Meeting Abstract. #58.
Ameliorating soil acidity of tropical Oxisols by liming for sustainable crop production -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. 2008. Ameliorating soil acidity of tropical oxisols by liming for sustainable crop production. Advances in Agronomy. 99:345-399.
Photosynthetic photon flux density, carbon dioxide concentration, and vapor pressure deficit effects on photosynthesis in cacao seedlings -
Baligar, V.C., Bunce, J.A., Machado, R.R., Elson, M.K. 2008. Photosynthetic photon flux density, carbon dioxide concentration, and vapor pressure deficit effects on photosynthesis in cacao seedlings. Photosynthetica. 46:216-221.
POPULATION OF HELICOTYLENCHUS sp AND APHELENCHUS sp NEMATODES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.) UNDER TRADITIONAL AND IMPROVED FOREST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS -
Arevalo, G.E., Canto, M., Baligar, V.C., Zuniga, C.L., Marquez, D.K. 2007. Population of helicotylenchus sp and aphelenchus sp nematodes in the rhizosphere of cacao (theobroma cacao l.) under traditional and improved forest management systems. Biodiversity of Soil International Conference Proceedings. 9.29.2007.
DYNAMICS OF FUNGAL POPULATION IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.) GROWN UNDER TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PERU -
Arevalo, G.E., Zuniga, C.L., Baligar, V.C. 2007. Dynamics of fungal population in the rhizosphere of cacao (theobroma cacao l.) grown under traditional management system in peru. Biodiversity of Soil International Conference Proceedings. 9.29.2007.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF FUNGA, NEMATODE, BACTERIA AND ALGAL POPULATION IN A SOIL OF MAZON REGION OF PERU -
Arevalo, G.E., Zuniga, C.L., Baligar, V.C., Canto, S.M. 2007. Population dynamics of funga, nematode, bacteria and algal population in a soil of mazon region of peru. Biodiversity of Soil International Conference Proceedings. 9.29.2007.
DYNAMICS OF NEMATODE POPULATIONS IN CACAO GROWN UNDER TRADIONALLY SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT IN PERUVIAN AMAZON -
Arevalo, G.E., Zuniga, C.L., Baligar, V.C., Canto, S.M. 2007. Dynamics of nematode populations in cacao grown under tradionally system of management in peruvian amazon. Biodiversity of Soil International Conference Proceedings. 9.29.2007.
FUNGUS INDEX AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN ACID AND ALKALINE SOILS -
Arevalo, G.E., Helling, C.S., Marquez, D.K., Zuniga, C.L., Baligar, V.C. 2007. Fungus index and residual effects of pesticides in acid and alkaline soils. Biodiversity of Soil International Conference Proceedings. 9.29.2007.
Differential Soil Acidity Tolerance of Tropical Legume Cover Crops -
Fageria, N., Baligar, V.C., Li, Y. 2009. Differential Soil Acidity Tolerance of Tropical Legume Cover Crops. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 40:1148-1160.
YEILD NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS INFLUENCED BY LIMING AND BORON APPLICATION IN COMMON BEAN IN NOTILAGE SYSTEM -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Zobel, R.W. 2007. Yeild nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties as influenced by liming and boron application in common bean in notilage system. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 38:1-17.
Fine root diameters can change in response to changes in nutrient concentrations. -
Zobel, R.W., Baligar, V.C., Kinraide, T.B. 2007. Fine root diameters can change in response to changes in nutrient concentrations. Plant and Soil Journal. 297:243-254.
The Role of Nutrient Efficient Plants in Improving Crop Yields in the Twenty First Century -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Li, Y. 2008. The Role of Nutrient Efficient Plants in Improving Crop Yields in the Twenty First Century. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 31:1121-1151.
Organic amendment effects on the transformation and fractionation of aluminum in acidic sandy soil -
Vieira, F.C., He, Z.L., Bayer, C., Stoffella, P.J., Baligar, V.C. 2008. Organic amendment effects on the transformation and fractionation of aluminum in acidic sand soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 39:2678-2694.
Response of representative cover crops to aluminum toxicity, phosphorus deprivation, and organic amendment -
Vieira, F.C., He, Z.L., Wislon, P.C., Bayer, C., Stoffella, P.J., Baligar, V.C. 2008. Response of representative cover crops to aluminum toxicity, phosphorus deprivation, and organic amendment. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 59:52-6.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Genotypes -
Ribero, M.A., Silva, J.O., Aitken, W.M., Machado, R.C., Baligar, V.C. 2008. Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 31:239-249.
AGRONOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF TROPICAL COVER CROPS -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2007. Agronomy and physiology of tropical cover crops. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 30:1287-1339.
CONCENTRATION AND UPTAKE OF P,ZN AND FE AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL ACIDITY, AND LEVELS AND FORMS OF N,P AND FE IN CACAO -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K., Machado, R.C., Meinhardt, L.W. 2006. Concentration and uptake of p,zn and fe as influenced by soil acidity, and levels and forms of n,p and fe in cacao. Proceedings of the International Cocoa Producer's Conference. 10.09.06
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AND LITTER FAUNA IN DIFFERENT COCOA AGROECOSYSTEMS -
Kellen, M., Forestieri, E., Carlos, A., Rebouça Machado, R., Baligar, V.C. Characterization of soil and litter fauna in different cocoa agroecosystems. Proceedings of the International Cocoa Producer's Conference. 10.14.2006
Light Intensity Effects on Growth and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Tropical Legume Cover Crops -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K., Paiva, A., Silveira, A., Souza, Jr., J.O., Lucena, E., Faria, J.C., Cabral, R., Pomella, A.W., Jorda, Jr., J. 2009. Light Intensity Effects on Growth and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Tropical Legume Cover Crops. Agroforestry Systems. 4:67-70.
LIGHT INTENSITY EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND MICRONUTRIENT UPTAKE BY TROPICAL LEGUME COVER CROPS -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K., Paiva, A.Q., Silveria, A., Pomella, A., Machado, R. 2006. Light intensity effects on growth and micronutrient uptake by tropical legume cover crops. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29:1959-1974.
SOIL ACIDITY (AL) IMPACT ON NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND YIELD SUSTAINABILITY OF CROPS -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2006. Soil acidity (al) impact on nutrient use efficiency and yield sustainability of crops. World Congress of Soil Science.
MECHANISMS OF NICKEL UPTAKE AND HYPERACCUMULATON BY THE PLANTS AND IMPLICATION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION -
Baligar, V.C., Lu, L.L., Yang, X.E. 2005. Mechanisms of nickel uptake and hyperaccumulaton by the plants and implication to phytoremediation. Proceedings of the Phytoremediation Conference.
ROLE OF COVER CROPS IN IMPROVING SOIL AND ROW CROPS PRODUCTIVITY -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Bailey, B.A. 2005. Role of cover crops in improving soil and row crops productivity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 36:2733-2757.
ALUMINUM INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND UPTAKE OF MICRONUTRIENTS BY CACAO. -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2005. Aluminum influence on growth and uptake of micronutrients by cacao.. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (SSPN). 151:7009-7013.
CO2 AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON GROWTH AND MACRONUTRIENT UPTAKE OF CACAO GENOTYPES. -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N., Bunce, J., Machado, R. 2005. Co2 and light intensity on growth and macronutrient uptake of cacao genotypes. American Society of Agronomy. Abstract
ENHANCING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY IN CROP PLANTS. -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in Agronomy. 88:97-185.
ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN SOIL INFLUENCED BY LEVELS OF APPLIED SULFUR AND PHOSPHOROUS -
Baligar, V.C., Wright, R.J., Hern, J.L. Enzyme activities in soil influenced by levels of applied sulfur and phosphorous. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 36(1-9): 1727-1735.
SURFACE RUNOFF PHOSPHOROUS (P) LOSS IN RELATION TO PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY AND SOIL P FRACTIONS IN FLORIDA SANDY SOILS UNDER CITRUS PRODUCTION -
Yu, S., He, Z.L., Stoffella, P.J., Calvert, D.V., Yang, X.E., Banks, D.J., Baligar, V.C. 2006. Surface runoff phosphorous (p) loss in relation to phosphatase activity and soil p fractions in florida sandy soils under citrus production. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 38:619-628.
SOIL ALUMINUM INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND UPTAKE OF MICRONUTRIENTS BY CACAO -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2005. Soil aluminum influence on growth and uptake of micronutrients by cacao. Meeting Abstract.
RESPONSE OF MYCORRHIZAL SWITCHGRASS TO PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN ACID SOIL -
Clark, R.B., Baligar, V.C., Zobel, R.W. 2005. Response of mycorrhizal switchgrass to phosphorus fractions in acid soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 36(9-10): 1337-1359.
PHYSIOLOGY OF CROP PRODUCTION -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Clark, R.B. 2006. Physiology of crop production. Haworth Press. 345 pages.
CARBON DIOXIDE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND MINERAL UPTAKE PARAMETERS OF CACAO -
Baligar, V.C., Bunce, J.A., Bailey, B.A., Machado, R.C., Pomella, A.W. 2004. Carbon dioxide and photosynthetic photon flux density effects on growth and mineral uptake parameters of cacao. Journal of Food Agriculture and the Environment 3:142-147.
EFFECT OF SOIL PH ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF HETERODERA GLYCINES AND MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ON GLYCINE MAX GENOTYPES -
Melakeberhan, H., Dey, J., Baligar, V.C., Carter Jr, T.E. 2005. Genetic diversity among four erythroxylum taxa assessed by aflp. Nematology, 6:585-592.
Soil aluminum effects on growth and nutrition of cacao -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2012. Soil aluminum effects on growth and nutrition of cacao. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (SSPN). 51:709-713.
SOIL ACIDITY EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF CACAO -
Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. 2004. Soil acidity effects on growth and nutrition of cacao[abstract]. 6th International Symposium Soil-Plant Interactions at Low Ph - Sendai, Japan.
RESPONSE OF UPLAND RICE GENOTYPES TO SOIL ACIDITY -
Fageria, N.K., Castro, E.M., Baligar, V.C. 2004. Response of upland rice genotypes to soil acidity. The Red Soils of China: Their Nature, Management and Utilization. The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publications. p. 233-252.
NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF RED SOILS OF THE WORLD -
Baligar, V.C., Faberia, N.K., Eswaran, H., Wilson, M.J., He, Z.L. 2004. Nature and properties of red soils of the world. The Red Soils of China: Their Nature, Management and Utilization. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publications. p. 5-30.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF PLANT ADAPTATION TO ELEMENTAL STRESSES IN ACID SOILS -
Yang, X., Wang, W., Zhenqian, Y., Zhenli, H., Baligar, V.C. 2004. Physiological and genetic aspects of plant adaptation to elemental stresses in acid soils. In: wilson, J. He, Z., Yang, X. The Red Soils of China: Their Nature, Management and Utilization. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publications. p. 179-232.
LIGHT INTENSITY EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND USE EFFICIENCY OF ERECT LEGUMINOUS COVER CROPS -
Baligar, V.C., Olimpio, J., Paiva, A., Silveria, A., Lucena, E., Faria, J.C., Cabral, R., Pomella, A., Jorda, Jr., J. 2004. Light intensity effects on growth and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of erect leguminous cover crops[abstract]. World Agroforestry Congress.
PROPERTIES OF TERMITE MOUND SOILS AND RESPONSES OF RICE AND BEAN TO N, P, AND K FERTILIZATION ON SUCH SOIL. -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. 2004. Properties of termite mound soils and responses of rice and bean to n, p, and k fertilization on such soil.. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 35:15-16.
FORMS AND LEVELS OF N ON GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF CACAO -
Baligar, V.C., Bunce, J.A., Johnson, E.L., Sicher Jr, R.C., Bailey, B.A. 2003. Forms and levels of n on growth and nutrition of cacao [abstract]. American Society of Agronomy Meetings.p. 28.
CO2 AND LIGHT INTENSITY EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF CACAO -
Baligar, V.C., Bunce, J.A. 2003. Co2 and light intensity effects on growth and nutrition of cacao [abstract]. American Society Of Horticulture Science Meeting.38(5)811.
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVING LOWLAND RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY -
Fageria, N.K., Slaton, N.A., Baligar, V.C. 2003. Nutrient management for improving lowland rice productivity and sustainability. In: Sparks, D. L., editor. Advances in Agronomy. New York: Academic Press. 88:63-152.
RESPONSE OF UPLAND RICE GENOTYPES TO SOIL ACIDITY -
MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS OF FORAGE LEGUMES AND GRASSES GROWN IN ACIDIC SOIL AMENDED WITH FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION PRODUCTS -
Clark, R.B., Baligar, V.C. 2003. Mineral concentrations of forage legumes and grasses grown in acidic soil amended with flue gas desulfurization products. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 34:1681-1707
METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF LOWLAND RICE GENOTYPES FOR NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY -
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. 2003. Methodology for evaluation of lowland rice genotypes for nitrogen use efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 26:1315-1333.
UPLAND RICE AND ALLELOPATHY -
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES FOR ASSESSING QUALITY OF ACID SOILS -
FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF TROPICAL ACID SOILS FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION -
GROWTH OF FORAGE LEGUMES AND GRASSES IN ACIDIC SOIL AMENDED WITH FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION PRODUCTS -
MICRONUTRIENTS IN CROP PRODUCTION -
BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION AND HABITAT OF RUNNING BUFFALO CLOVER -
Morris, D.R., Baligar, V.C., Schuler, T.M., Harmon, P.J. 2002. Biological nitrogen fixation and habitat of running buffalo clover. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 25:735-746.
EVALUATION OF THE RHIZOSPHERE PH OF TWO SORGHUM GENOTYPES IN PRESENCE OF THREE ALUMINIUM SATURATIONS AND THREE POTASIUM LEVELS IN SOIL -
NITROGEN FIXATION IN RUNNING BUFFALO CLOVER -
Morris, D.R., Baligar, V.C., Schuler, V.C., Harmon, P.J. 2000. Nitrogen fixation in running buffalo clover. American Society of Agronomy Abstracts. 2000. Page 114.
RENOVATION OF ACIDIC APPALACHIAN SOIL WITH FGD GYPSUM AND FBC RESIDUE: SOIL LEACHATE EVALUATION -
RENOVATION OF ACIDIC APPALACHIAN SOIL WITH FGD GYPSUM AND FBC RESIDUE: SOIL LEACHATE EVALUATION -
CELLULAR AND SUB-CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF NICKEL WITH RELATION TO NICKEL RESISTANCE IN MAIZE AND RYEGRASS -
BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS FOR USE OF FGD PRODUCTS ON AGRICULTURAL LAND -
BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS FOR USE OF FGD PRODUCTS ON AGRICULTURAL LAND -
Clark, R.B., Ritchey, K.D., Baligar, V.C. 2001. Benefits and constraints for use of fgd products on agricultural land. Fuel 80:818-821.
BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS FOR USE OF FGD PRODUCTS ON AGRICULTURAL LAND -
ACIDIC AND ALKALINE SOIL CONSTRAINTS ON PLANT MINERAL NUTRITION -
Clark, R.B., Baligar, V.C. 2000. Acidic and alkaline soil constraints on plant mineral nutrition. Plant Environment Interactions II, Marcel Dekker Inc, NY, pp. 133-177.
INFLUX, TRANSPORT, AND ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM IN PLANT SPECIES GROWN AT DIFFERENT CD2+ ACTIVITIES -