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Title: Sensitivity and selectivity of cultivation methods to recovery a specific Salmonella serogroup from hatchery plenum samples

Author
item Cox Jr, Nelson
item RICHARDSON, L - Former ARS Employee
item Cray, Paula
item Cason Jr, John
item MAULDIN, J - University Of Georgia
item Guard, Jean
item Frye, Jonathan
item Ingram, Kimberly
item Hinton Jr, Arthur
item Buhr, Richard - Jeff

Submitted to: International Poultry Scientific Forum
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/22/2009
Publication Date: 12/26/2009
Citation: Cox Jr, N.A., Richardson, L.J., Cray, P.J., Cason Jr, J.A., Mauldin, J.M., Guard, J.Y., Frye, J.G., Ingram, K.D., Hinton Jr, A., Buhr, R.J. 2009. Sensitivity and selectivity of cultivation methods to recovery a specific Salmonella serogroup from hatchery plenum samples [abstract]. International Poultry Scientific Forum. January 26 - 27, 2009. Atlanta, GA.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Studies have shown that Salmonella serotypes exhibit different growth characteristics in the same enrichment (selective or non-selective) and this can cause certain serotypes like S. Enteritidis to go undetected in a sample. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the serogroup diversity recovered from a broiler hatchery plenum fluff sample using 41 cultivation method variations and to determine whether a particular method was more selective towards S. Enteritidis isolates. A 300g fluff sample was collected and transported back to the laboratory for analysis. Forty-one cultivation methods (combinations of: 2 primary enrichments, 8 secondary enrichments, 3 second secondary enrichments, 3 plating media, and 2 incubation temperatures) were used to evaluate the Salmonella status of the fluff sample. Five colonies per plate were picked and evaluated. Overall, 37/41 of the cultivation methods recovered Salmonella. From the fluff samples, 455 presumptive Salmonella isolates were evaluated. Three serogroups were recovered (B, C1, and C3) with 1 group B, 35 group C1, 416 group C3 and 3 ungroupable. All isolates evaluated from XLT4 plates were C3 except one isolate which grouped C1, while the other 34 C1 isolates came from BGS or HE plating media. The single group B isolate originated from BGS plating media. From MSRV, C1 and C3 were recovered from the inner and outer zones of growth. To determine if S. Enteritidis was actually in the fluff sample, PCR was conducted on the primary enrichments. Even though no serogroup D isolate was recovered from any of the 41 cultivation methods, using PCR, S. Enteritidis appeared to be present in the fluff sample. From this study, it is apparent that cultivation methods select for particular serogroups. Cultivation methods may be allowing for particular serotypes to outgrow other serotypes which would negatively influence the probability of recovering certain serotypes in lower numbers within the sample. This may explain why S. Enteritidis was not detected from any of the 41 cultivation methods. Additional work evaluating culture method influences on serogroup and serotype recovery is underway evaluating the competition occurring between Salmonella during cultivation.