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Title: Optimization of liquid culture conditions of Philippine wild edible mushrooms as potential source of bioactive lipids

Author
item DULAY, RICH M. - Central Luzon State University
item Ray, Karen
item Hou, Ching

Submitted to: Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/24/2015
Publication Date: 7/1/2015
Citation: Dulay, R.M.R., Ray, K., Hou, C.T. 2015. Optimization of liquid culture conditions of Philippine wild edible mushrooms as potential source of bioactive lipids. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 4(3):409-415. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.04.003.

Interpretive Summary: With the remarkable bioactivities and delightful taste, mushrooms have been gradually commercialized in the Philippines and are being recognized by the government as one of the priority crops in the recent road-mapping for agricultural development. Mushrooms are usually cultivated on solid materials. We successfully grew four edible medicinal Philippine mushrooms in liquid medium. The optimum conditions for the mushroom production were determined. The major classes of lipids namely, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and polar lipids, were detected in the four mushroom extracts. There are mushrooms similar to these species produced in the United States. The elucidation and quantification of free fatty acids, the molecular species of triglycerides and polar lipids, as well as their potential biological activities of the four Philippine edible mushrooms are currently under investigation. This study will advance not only the knowledge of mushrooms lipid contents of these Philippine mushrooms but will also serve for comparison to those lipids from mushrooms produced in the US. Studies of oils and lipids content of agricultural materials (mushrooms) are mutual interest to both countries.

Technical Abstract: With remarkable bioactivities and delightful taste, mushrooms have been a commercial nutraceutical around the world. Mushrooms are cultivated on solid materials. Here we report the successful cultivation of four Philippine edible mushrooms in liquid medium. This work highlights the optimal liquid culture conditions with reference to the nutritional and physical growth factors, and preliminarily elucidated their wide variety of lipids by thin-layer chromatography. Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) was the most suitable culture medium for all studied mushrooms. Maximum mycelial biomasses of Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Volvariella volvacea, and Schizophyllum commune favourably produced in SDB at pH 7, 7, 6 and 8, respectively, when incubated at 28°C and 30°C as optimum temperatures. The mycelia biomass yields obtained in the present study 0.8 g/30ml are superior to the reported biomass yields of other basidiomycetes such as Russula sp. and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus at 0.3g/50ml (Shittu et al.2005). Agitation did not improved mycelial growth of mushrooms except G. lucidum, which the biomass yield was peaked at 100 rpm (500 ml medium in 2.8L) shake-flask culture. Cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and polar lipids were detected in all the four mushrooms. The potential biological activities as well as molecular species of these lipid materials from the four basidiomycetes are currently under investigation.