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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Davis, California » Western Human Nutrition Research Center » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #282615
Title: Associated among endocrine, inflammatory, and bone markers, body composition and weight loss induced bone loss

Author
item LABOUESSE, MARIE - Agro Paris Tech
item GERTZ, ERIK - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)
item PICCOLO, BRIAN - University Of California
item SOUZA, ELAINE - University Of California
item SCHUSTER, GERTRUD - University Of California
item WITBRACHT, MEGAN - University Of California
item ADAMS, SEAN - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)
item KEIM, NANCY - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)
item VAN LOAN, MARTA - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)
item Woodhouse, Leslie

Submitted to: Bone
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/27/2014
Publication Date: 4/4/2014
Citation: Labouesse, M.A., Gertz, E.R., Piccolo, B.D., Souza, E., Schuster, G.U., Witbracht, M., Adams, S.H., Keim, N.L., Van Loan, M.D., Woodhouse, L.R. 2014. Weight loss-induced bone loss is associated with change in body weight and fat, energy related hormones, and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese women. Bone. 64:138-146. DOI: 101016/bone.201403047.

Interpretive Summary: Rising health care costs associated with obesity have pushed the need for weight loss interventions across all age groups. While weight loss has been shown to be effective in reducing metabolic and endocrine parameters weight loss has also been associated with bone loss. We examined changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolism during a controlled 15-wk. weight loss intervention with overweight and obese women and examined the contribution that endocrine factors like insulin, glucose, and appetite related hormones (that also change during weight loss) had on the changes. Weight loss is also known to reduce markers of inflammations, so, we included inflammatory markers like c-reactive protein in our overall evaluation of the interactions among bone, endocrine and immune responses to weight loss. Women consumed a weight loss diet with 3-4 serving of dairy foods or a diet with one of less servings of dairy/d. Women who consumed the low dairy diet had significantly higher blood levels of markers for bone loss compared to those that consumed the diet with 3-4 servings of dairy foods. Similarly, bone mineral content and density at the hip was significantly lower in the dieters with the low dairy diet compared to women with the dairy-rich diet. We also found significant contributions of endocrine and inflammatory markers to bone loss at the hip. The results from this well controlled feeding study clearly demonstrate the need for adequate dairy intake during weight loss in order to preserve bone health.

Technical Abstract: Weight loss reduces co-¬morbidities of obesity but decreases bone mass. Our aims were to determine whether adequate dairy intake could prevent weight loss related bone loss and to evaluate the contribution of energy-related hormones and inflammatory markers to bone metabolism. Overweight and obese women (BMI: 28-37 kg/m2) were randomized to an energy reduced (500 kcal/d; 2092 kJ/d) diet with adequate dairy (AD, 3-4 servings/d) or low dairy (LD, = 1 serving/d). Body fat, BMD and BMC were measured by DXA. Bone markers (CTX, PYD, BAP, OC), hormones (PTH, vitamin D, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin) and inflammatory markers (CRP, IL1-ß, IL-8, TNF-a) were measured in serum. The LD group lost significantly more BMC at the hip than the AD group. Significant associations were observed pre- and post- weight loss spine BMC and body weight (pre r=0.34, p=0.02; post r=0.28, p=0.05), and percent body fat (pre r= -0.32, p=0.02; post r= -0.33, p=0.02). Pre- and post hip BMC was negatively associated with percent body fat and change in body fat. Pre- and post-weight loss osteocalcin was positively related to post-weight loss ghrelin (r = 0.37, p = 0.01) and negatively related to adiponectin (r = -0.33, p = 0.02). Pre- and post-weight loss TNF-a and IL-1ß were negatively associated with post- BAP (r = -0.29, p = 0.04; r = -0.31, p = 0.02). Post- CTX was inversely associated with pre- CRP. Pre- and post- insulin levels were positively related to pre- IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and CRP. Overall, 47% of the variance in hip BMC after weight loss was explained by body weight, percent body fat, adiponectin, HOMA, and osteocalcin, but different hormones and inflammatory markers were selected in the Ad and LD models. This study demonstrates the need for clinical investigations that focus on linkages among bone, energy-related hormones and inflammatory markers.