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What We Eat in America, NHANES
| 33 | Avocado Consumption Patterns and Nutrient Contribution in the US: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–March 2020 and August 2021–August 2023. Cheng FW, Morton S, McCrory MA, Moshfegh AJ, Ford NA. Nutrients. 2026; 18(3):449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18030449. |
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| 32 | The Reporting of "What We Eat in America" Nutrient Intake Data in the Scientific Literature: A Scoping Review. Kogan KM, Waller AW, Hoy MK, Crawford SB, Cowan-Pyle AE, Mitchell DC, Mohr WJ, Foster MJ, Bailey RL, Moshfegh AJ. J Nutr. 2025; 155(12):4100-4108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.018. |
| 31 | A Method for Assessing the Prevalence of Food Insecurity in Older Adults Based on Resource- Constraints and Food-Related Physical Functioning Limitations. Sassine AJ, Rabbitt MP, Coleman-Jensen A, Moshfegh AJ, Sahyoun NR. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024; 8(12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104494. |
| 30 | Effect of animal protein intake on meeting recommendations for nutrient intake among U.S. adults, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015-2018. Hoy MK, Murayi T, Moshfegh AJ. Curr Dev Nutr. 2023; 7(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100027. |
| 29 | Diet Quality and Food Intakes among U.S adults by Level of Animal Protein Intake, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015-2018. Hoy MK, Murayi T, Moshfegh AJ. Curr Dev Nutr. 2022; 6(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac035. |
| 28 | Frequency of Eating in the US Population: A Narrative Review of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. Bailey RL, Leidy HJ, Mattes RD, Heymsfield SB, Boushey CJ, Ahluwalia N, Cowan AE, Pannucci T, Moshfegh AJ, Goldman JD, Rhodes DG, Stoody EE, de Jesus J, Casavale KO. Curr Dev Nutr. 2022; nzac132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac132. |
| 27 | National Food Intake Assessment: Technologies to Advance Traditional Methods. Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Martin CL. Annu Rev Nutr. 2022; 42:1, 401-422. http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/TCYENHR5VEN8TQTSJVG5/full/10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-110636. |
| 26 | Diet quality of frequent fast-food consumers on non-fast food intake day is similar to a day with fast food. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2016. Hoy MK, Murayi T, Moshfegh AJ. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022; 122(7):1317-1325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2022.02.007. |
| 25 | Sodium and Potassium Intake, the Sodium to Potassium Ratio, and Associated Characteristics in Older Adults, NHANES 2011-2016. Vaudin A, Wambogo E, Moshfegh AJ, Sahyoum N. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022; 122(1):64-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.012. |
| 24 | Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children and Dietary Intake in Children: Associations With Race and Ethnicity. Zimmer M, Moshfegh AJ, Vernarelli JA, Barroso CS. Am J Prev Med. 2022; 62(4):578-585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.017. |
| 23 | Late Evening Eating Patterns among US Adults Vary in Their Associations With, and Impact on, Energy Intake and Diet Quality: Evidence from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016. Sebastian RS, Enns CW, Goldman JD, Murayi T, Moshfegh AJ. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022; 122(5):932-948.e3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.11.008. |
| 22 | Comparing two days of dietary intake in What We Eat In America (WWEIA), NHANES, 2013-2016. Steinfeldt LC, Martin CL, Clemens JC, Moshfegh AJ. Nutrients. 2021; 13(8), 2621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082621. |
| 21 | A Vegetarian-Style Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Lower Energy, Saturated Fat, and Sodium Intakes; and Higher Whole Grains, Legumes, Nuts, and Soy Intakes by Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2013–2016. Bowman SA. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9), 2668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092668. |
| 20 | Fruit and vegetable consumption of U.S. adults by level of variety, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2016. Hoy MK, Clemens JC, Martin CL, Moshfegh AJ. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020; 4(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa014. |
| 19 | Towards a better understanding of listeriosis risk among older adults in the United States: Characterizing dietary patterns and the sociodemographic and economic attributes of consumers with these patterns. Wambogo EA, Vaudin AM, Moshfegh AJ, Spungen JH, Van Doren JM, Sahyoun NR. J Food Prot. 2020; 83(7):1208-1217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-19-617. |
| 18 | Consuming vegetable-based salad is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality among U.S. adults, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2011-2014. Hoy MK, Sebastian RS, Goldman JD, Enns CW, Moshfegh AJ. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019; 119(12) 2085-2092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.018. |
| 17 | Findings from What We Eat in America, National Health and Examination Survey 2011-2014 support salad consumption as an effective strategy for improving adherence to dietary recommendations. Sebastian RS, Enns CW, Goldman JD, Hoy MK, Moshfegh AJ. Public Health Nutr. 2019; 22(6):976-987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003695. |
| 16 | Evaluation of measurement error in 24-hour dietary recall for assessing sodium and potassium intake among U.S. adults - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2014. Puthiery V, Dodd KW, Zhao L, Thompson-Paul AM, Mercado CI, Terry AL, Jackson SL, Wang C, Loria CM, Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Cogswell ME.Am J Clin Nutr. 2019; 109(6):1672-1682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz044. |
| 15 | The Dietary mineral intake ratios and bone health in adults. Lobene AJ, McCabe LD, Stone MS, Kindler JM, Bailey RL, Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Goldman JD, McCabe GP, Weaver CM. In: Weaver C.,Bischoff-Ferrari H., Daly R., Wong MS., editors. Nutritional Influences on Bone Health. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, Cham. p. 53-67. 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98464-3_6. |
| 14 | Sandwiches Are Major Contributors of Sodium in the Diets of American Adults: Results from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. Sebastian RS, Wilkinson Enns C, Goldman JD, Hoy MK, Moshfegh AJ. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015; 115(2):272-277. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.07.034. |
| 13 | Discontinuation of Data Processing Step: Salt Adjustment on Designated Foods Likely To Be Home Prepared. Sebastian RS, Wilkinson Enns C, Steinfeldt L, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. (Accessed 29 June 2012). |
| 12 | Change in Methodology for Collection of Drinking Water Intake in What We Eat in America/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Implications for Analysis. Sebastian RS, Wilkinson Enns C, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. Public Health Nutr. 2012 Feb 20:1-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012000316. |
| 11 | Socioeconomic Characteristics, Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns, and Health and Weight Status of Older Adults in NHANES, 1999-2002: A Comparison of Caucasians and African Americans. Bowman SA. J Nutr Elder. 2009;28(1):30–46. |
| 10 | What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-2006: Usual Nutrient Intakes from Food and Water Compared to 1997 Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium (24-page report). Moshfegh AJ, Goldman JD, Ahuja JK, Rhodes DG, LaComb RP. 2009. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. |
| 9 | US Adolescents and MyPyramid: Associations Between Fast-Food Consumption and Lower Likelihood of Meeting Recommendations. Sebastian RS, Enns CW, Goldman JD. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(2):226-235. |
| 8 | Effect of Snacking Frequency on Adolescents' Dietary Intakes and Meeting National Recommendations. Sebastian RS, Cleveland LE, Goldman JD. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42(5):503-511. |
| 7 | Older Adults Who Use Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Differ from Nonusers in Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Dietary Attitudes. Sebastian RS, Cleveland LE, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(8):1322-1332. |
| 6 | Dietary Supplement Use Among Infants, Children, and Adolescents in the United States, 1999-2002. Picciano MF, Dwyer JT, Radimer KL, Wilson DH, Fisher KD, Thomas PR, Yetley EA, Moshfegh AJ, Levy PS, Nielsen SJ, Marriott BM. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(10):978-993. |
| 5 | Low Economic Status Is Associated with Suboptimal Intakes of Nutritious Foods by Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Bowman S. Nutr Res. 2007;27(9):515-523. |
| 4 | Trends in the Food Intakes of Children 1977-2002. Sebastian RS, Cleveland LE, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. Consumer Interests Annual. 2006;52:433-434. |
| 3 | Quality assurance during data processing of food and nutrient intakes. Anand J, Raper NR, Tong A. J Food Compos Anal. 2006;19(S):S86-S90. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.02.005. |
| 2 | What We Eat In America, NHANES 2001-2002: Usual Nutrient Intakes from Food Compared to Dietary Reference Intakes (56-page report). Moshfegh AJ, Goldman JD, Cleveland LE. 2005. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. |
| 1 | Within-individual Variance Estimates for Nutrients from What We Eat in America, NHANES 2002. Goldman JD. 2005. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. |
Automated Multiple Pass Method
| 17 | Field interviewer–administered dietary recalls in participants’ homes: A feasibility study using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. DiGrande L, Pedrazzani S, Kinyara E, Hymes M, Karns S, Rhodes D, Moshfegh A. RTI Press. 2021; RTI Press Methods Report No. MR-0045-2105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105. |
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| 16 | The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method accurately assesses population sodium intakes. Rhodes DG, Murayi T, Clemens JC, Baer DJ, Sebastian RS, Moshfegh AJ. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 97:958-64. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.044982. |
| 15 | Change in Methodology for Collection of Drinking Water Intake in What We Eat in America/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Implications for Analysis. Sebastian RS, Wilkinson Enns C, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. Public Health Nutr. 2012 Feb 20:1-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012000316. |
| 14 | Evaluating the Use of Questions and Responses in a Large National Dietary Data Collection Instrument. Steinfeldt L, Clemens J, Anand J. Proceedings of The 12th (2009) International Blaise Users’ Conference, Riga, Latvia. Internet: http://www.blaiseusers.org (accessed 1 October 2009). |
| 13 | The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method Reduces Bias in the Collection of Energy Intakes. Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Baer DJ, Murayi T, Clemens JC, Rumpler WV, Paul DR, Sebastian RS, Kuczynski KJ, Ingwersen LA, Staples RC, Cleveland LE. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:324-332. |
| 12 | Identifying Sources of Reporting Error Using Measured Food Intake. Rumpler WV, Kramer M, Rhodes DG, Moshfegh AJ, Paul DR. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(4):544-552. |
| 11 | Quality Assurance During Data Processing of Food and Nutrient Intakes. Anand J, Raper NR, Tong A. J Food Compos Anal. 2006;19(suppl):86S-90S. |
| 10 | A New Portion Size Estimation Aid for Wedge-Shaped Foods. Godwin S, Chambers E IV, Cleveland L, Ingwersen L. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(8):1246-1250. |
| 9 | The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method Accurately Estimates Group Total Energy and Nutrient Intake. Blanton CA, Moshfegh AJ, Baer DJ, Kretsch MJ. J Nutr. 2006;136(10):2594-2599. |
| 8 | Researchers Produce Innovation in Dietary Recall. Bliss RM. Agric Res. 2004;52(6):10-12. |
| 7 | An Overview of USDA’s Dietary Intake Data System. Raper N, Perloff B, Ingwersen L, Steinfeldt L, Anand J. J Food Compos Anal. 2004;17(3-4):545-555. |
| 6 | Accuracy of Dietary Recall Using the USDA Five-Step Multiple-Pass Method in Men: An Observational Validation Study. Conway JM, Ingwersen LA, Moshfegh AJ. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(4):595-603. |
| 5 | Blaise Instrument Design for Automated Food Coding. Anderson E, Steinfeldt L. Proceedings of The 9th (2004) International Blaise Users’ Conference, Gatineau, Quebec. Internet: http://www.blaiseusers.org (accessed 1 October 2009). |
| 4 | Extracting Data From a Large Instrument Using the API. Steinfeldt L. Proceedings of The 8th (2003) International Blaise Users’ Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark. Internet: http://www.blaiseusers.org (accessed 1 October 2009). |
| 3 | Effectiveness of the US Department of Agriculture 5-Step Multiple-Pass Method in Assessing Food Intake in Obese and Nonobese Women. Conway JM, Ingwersen LA, Vinyard BT, Moshfegh AJ. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003; 77(5):1171-1178. |
| 2 | Was It a Slab, a Slice, or a Sliver? High-Tech Innovations Take Food Survey to a New Level. McBride J. Agric Res. 2001;49(3):4-7. |
| 1 | Using Blaise in a Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Steinfeldt L, Anderson E, Anand J, Raper N. Proceedings of The 6th (2000) International Blaise Users’ Conference, Kinsale, Ireland. Internet: http://www.blaiseusers.org (accessed 1 October 2009). |
Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies
| 14 | Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2021-2023: Enhancements to Support National Dietary Surveillance. Morton S, Myrowitz R, Martin CL, Friday JE, Anand J, Moshfegh AJ. J Food Compos Anal. 2025; 108167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108167. |
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| 13 | Discontinued Food Codes Resource for Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2019–2020. Friday JE, Myrowitz R, Rhodes DG, Moshfegh AJ. J Food Compos Anal. 2023; 120:105323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105591. |
| 12 | Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2019–2020: An application database for national dietary surveillance. Rhodes DG, Morton S, Myrowitz R, Moshfegh AJ. J Food Compos Anal. 2023; 120:105323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105547. |
| 11 | USDA's FoodData Central: What is it? and Why is it needed today? Fukagawa NK, McKillop K, Pehrsson PR, Moshfegh AJ, Harnly J, Finley J. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022; 115(3):619-624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab397. |
| 10 | Items Designated as Fortified: Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), 2015-2016. Martin CL, Clemens JC, Moshfegh AJ. J Food Compos Anal. 2019; 84:103255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103255. |
| 9 | USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), 5.0. Bodner-Montville J, Ahuja JKC, Martin CL, Heendeniya KY, Omolewa-Tomobi G, Steinfeldt LC, Anand J, Adler M, LaComb RP, Moshfegh AJ. Procedia Food Sci. 2013; 2:99-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.016. |
| 8 | USDA Food and Nutrient Databases Provide the Infrastructure for Food and Nutrition Research,Policy, and Practice. Ahuja JKC, Moshfegh AJ, Holden JM, Harris E. J Nutr. 2013; DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.170043. |
| 7 | The Impact of Revising Fats and Oils Data in the US Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Ahuja JK, Lemar LE, Omolewa Tomobi G, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. J Food Compos Anal. 2009; DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.02.005. |
| 6 | Quality Control Procedures for USDA’s Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Ahuja JKC, Perloff BP. J Food Compos Anal. 2008;19(suppl):119S-124S. |
| 5 | USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies: Released on the Web. Bodner-Montville J, Ahuja JKC, Ingwersen LA, Haggerty ES, Enns CW, Perloff BP. J Food Compos Anal. 2006;19(suppl):S100-S107. |
| 4 | Food and Nutrient Changes: Software Designed to Enhance Data Quality. Anderson E, Steinfeldt LC, Ahuja JKC. J Food Compos Anal. 2004;17(3-4):557-564. |
| 3 | Databases for Analyzing Dietary Data - - The Latest Word from What We Eat in America. Bodner JE, Perloff BP. J Food Compos Anal. 2003;16(3):347-358. |
| 2 | Tracking Nutrient Changes for Trends Analysis in the United States. Anderson E, Perloff B, Ahuja J, Raper N. J Food Compos Anal. 2001;14(3):287-294. |
| 1 | Development and Maintenance of Nutrient Database for National Dietary Surveys. Perloff B, Ahuja J. Publ Health Rev. 1998;26(1):43-47. |
Related Research
| 16 | Maintaining national food databases to enhance precision: A report from the preconference workshop 1 of the 2025 international diet and activity methods conference, Toronto, Canada, April 27, 2025. Biltoft-Jensen AP, Christensen T, Poulsen A, Sobolewski R, Bezerra IN, Marchioni DM, Giuntini EB, Matsumoto M, Takimoto H, Nakamura M, Kim C, Kwon SO, van Rossum CTM, Ocke' MC, Amoutzopoulos B, Page P. J Food Compos Anal. 2026; 151:108970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108970. |
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| 15 | Association between Flavonoid Intake and Cognitive Executive Function among African American and White Adults in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) Study. Kuczmarski MF, Crawford SB, Sebastian RS, Beydoun MA, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Nutrients. 2024; 16(9):1360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091360. |
| 14 | Updating USDA's Flavonoid database to estimate intakes in What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017-2018. Sebastian RS, Martin CL, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. J Food Compos Anal. 2023; 120:105323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105323. |
| 13 | Usual Intake of Flavonoids Is Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in African American and White Males but Not Females in Baltimore City, Maryland, USA. Sebastian RS, Kuczmarski MF, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Nutrients. 2022; 14(9):1924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091924. |
| 12 | Dietary flavonoid intakes are associated with race but not income in an urban population. Kuczmarski MF, Sebastian RS, Goldman JD, Murayi T, Steinfeldt LC, Eosso JR, Moshfegh AJ, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Nutrients. 2018; 10(11):1749. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111749. |
| 11 | The Effect of Improved Food Composition Data on Intake Estimates in the United States of America. Ahuja JKC, Goldman JD, Perloff BP. J Food Compos Anal. 2006;19(suppl):7S-13S. |
| 10 | Food Shoppers' Nutrition Attitudes and Relationship to Dietary and Lifestyle Practices. Bowman SA. Nutr Res. 2005;25(3):281-293. |
| 9 | Current Status of Vitamin E Nutriture. Ahuja JKC, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004;1031:387-390. |
| 8 | Trends in Food and Nutrient Intakes by Adolescents in the United States. Enns CW, Mickle SJ, Goldman JD. Fam Econ Nutr Rev. 2003;15(2):15-28. |
| 7 | Trends in Food and Nutrient Intakes By Children in the United States. Enns CW, Mickle SJ, Goldman JD. Fam Econ Nutr Rev. 2002;14(2):56-68. |
| 6 | Caffeine and Theobromine Intakes of Children: Results from CSFII 1994-96, 1998. Ahuja JKC, Perloff BP. Fam Econ Nutr Rev. 2001;13(2):47-51. |
| 5 | Dietary Intake of Whole Grains. Cleveland LE, Moshfegh AJ, Albertson AM, Goldman JD. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(3):331S-338S. |
| 4 | Presence of Inulin and Oligofructose in the Diets of Americans. Moshfegh AJ, Friday JE, Goldman JD, Ahuja JKC. J Nutr. 1999;129:1407S-1411S. |
| 3 | Food Consumption Surveys in the US Department of Agriculture. Tippett KS, Enns CW, Moshfegh AJ. Nutr Today. 1999;34(1):33-46. |
| 2 | The Use of Telephone Interview Methodology to Obtain 24-Hour Dietary Recalls. Casey PH, Goolsby SLP, Lensing SY, Perloff BP, Bogle ML. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99(11):1406-1411. |
| 1 | Trends in Food and Nutrient Intakes by Adults: NFCS 1977-78, CSFII 1989-91, and CSFII 1994-95. Enns CW, Goldman JD, Cook A. Fam Econ Nutr Rev. 1997;10(4):2-15. |