Viral deubiquitinases and innate antiviral immune response in livestock and poultry

Authors: ZHOU, ZHENGXUAN - Jilin University; XU, JIACUI - Jilin University; LI, ZHANJUN - Jilin University; LV, YAN - Jilin University; WU, SHANLI - Jilin University; Zhang, Huanmin; SONG, YU - Jilin University; AI, YONGXING - Jilin University

Submitted to: Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/30/2021
Publication Date: 11/19/2021
Citation: Zhou, Z., Xu, J., Li, Z., Lv, Y., Wu, S., Zhang, H., Song, Y., Ai, Y. 2021. Viral deubiquitinases and innate antiviral immune response in livestock and poultry. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.21-0199.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.21-0199

Interpretive Summary: Viruses represent a major class of many types of pathogens, which are well known to cause severe diseases in humans, livestock, and poultry. The success or failure of viral infection involves a serious of complicated interactions between viruses and host cells, in which a step known as Ubiquitination plays an indispensable role. This study reviewed the Ubiquitination process, an enzymatic post-translational medication process and its major substrate protein known as ubiquitin in relation to viral diseases in livestock and poultry in the effort to advance our understanding in viral disease control and prevention.

Technical Abstract: Among many of the pathogens, virus is the main cause of disease in livestock and poultry. The prevalence of these viral diseases often causes serious damage to animal husbandry, brings in huge economic losses. A host infected with virus triggers a series of immune responses. Immune responses comprise innate and adaptive immunity. The innate immune system represents the first defense line of the host following viral infection. Viral infection triggers the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cell. The interaction between viral PAMPs and PRRs evokes a sophisticated signal transduction system and eventually promotes the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Viruses rely on host cells for infection, replication, assembly, and release, so important intracellular ubiquitin-regulation systems are exploited by viruses without exception. It has been found that many viruses encode ubiquitinases, deubiquitinases, and related aptamer proteins, which cause cell proliferation and immunosuppression by influencing and controlling the ubiquitin-regulation system in host cells. Ubiquitination (UB) plays an indispensable role in fine-tuning almost every single step of this signaling cascade given on its versatile functions. Ubiquitin (Ub) ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which cooperatively and accurately regulate the dynamic and reversible ubiquitination process, are the master regulators of antiviral signaling. In this review, we mainly introduce the DUBs of some viruses that cause diseases in livestock and poultry in Arteriviridae, Asfarviridae, Bunyaviridae, Coronaviridae, Herpesviridae, and Picornaviridae to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of viral infection.