Effect of chromosome substitution from Gossypium barbadense L,G. tomentosum Nutt. Ex Seem and G. mustelinum Watt into G. hirsutum L. on cottonsend protein and oil content

Authors: Saha, Sukumar; Bellaloui, Nacer; Jenkins, Johnie; McCarty, Jack; STELLY, DAVID - Texas A&M University

Submitted to: Euphytica
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/5/2020
Publication Date: 7/1/2020
Citation: Saha, S., Bellaloui, N., Jenkins, J.N., Mccarty Jr, J.C., Stelly, D.M. 2020. Effect of chromosome substitution from Gossypium barbadense L,G. tomentosum Nutt. Ex Seem and G. mustelinum Watt into G. hirsutum L. on cottonsend protein and oil content. Euphytica. 216:118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02644-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02644-4

Interpretive Summary: Cotton seed is considered as the second best potential source of plant proteins after soybean, and the fifth best oil producing plant. The National Cottonseed Products Association estimated that about 10 to 15% of U.S. cotton farmer’s income comes from cotton seed. The breeders recently is targeting to improve cotton lines with good fiber qualities as well as superior nutritional components to provide economic incentive to the farmers. However, very limited information is available on the genetics of cottonseed’s nutritional components. The objective of this research is to study the effect of chromosome or chromosome segment substitutions from G. barbadense , G. tomentosum and G. mustellinum , respectively on cottonseed protein and oil content when they are substituted into G. hirsutum. Nine euploid different chromosome substitution (CS) lines from the three alien tetraploid species, TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line and ‘UA48’, a standard cultivar representative, were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications within each location. The lines were grown in two locations at Florence, SC and at the Plant Science Farm, Mississippi State, Mississippi. Acid delinted mature cottonseeds were analyzed for protein and oil using near infrared reflectance. Our overall results showed that an increase in protein percentage is normally associated with decrease in oil percentage or opposite effect in most of the CS lines. Our results provided for the first time information on the chromosome or chromosome segment from the wild species of G. tomentosum and G. mustelinum carrying improved protein and oil percentage gene(s). We developed some novel germplasm with the gene(s) of improved protein and oil percentage from interspecific crosses using the wild species. Results revealed that CS-M08sh line had unique characteristic of increased amount in both protein and oil percentage at MS, contrary to the genetic trend with opposite effect on protein and oil percentage normally with other Upland cultivars.

Technical Abstract: Cottonseed is considered as the second best important plant protein source after soybean, and the fifth best oil producing source after soybean, palm tree, colza and sunflower. The breeders did not have sufficient economic incentive till very recently for selection of cotton lines for the improvement of cottonseed’s nutritional components. Very limited information is available on the genetics of cottonseed’s nutritional components. We used chromosome substitution (CS) lines in our previous studies to associate traits of importance with specific chromosome or chromosome segment. The objective of this research is to study the effect of chromosome or chromosome segment substitutions from G. barbadense , G. tomentosum and G. mustellinum , respectively on cottonseed protein and oil content when they are substituted into G. hirsutum . Nine euploid CS lines, TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line and ‘UA48’, Reg. No. CV-129 were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications within each location. The lines were grown at one location in Florence, SC and at the Plant Science Farm, Mississippi State, Mississippi in two locations. Acid delinted mature cottonseeds were analyzed for protein and oil using near infrared reflectance. Our overall results showed that an increase in protein percentage is normally associated with decrease in oil percentage or opposite effect in most of the CS lines. Our results provided for the first time information on the chromosome or chromosome segment from the wild species of G. tomentosum and G. mustelinum carrying improved protein and oil percentage gene(s). We discovered specific chromosomal association with the protein and oil percentage gene(s). CS-T02 had higher protein percentage at SC compared to CS-B02, CS-M02 and TM-1 suggesting the substituted chromosome two from G. tomentosum carried allele(s) for improved protein percentage in CS-T02. We developed some novel germplasm with the gene(s) of improved protein and oil percentage from interspecific crosses using the wild species. Results revealed that CS-M08sh line had increased in both protein and oil percentage at MS, contrary to the genetic trend with opposite effect on protein and oil percentage normally in other Upland cotton lines.