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Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter Publication Acceptance Date: 1/10/2017 Publication Date: 11/1/2017 Citation: Yu, Q. 2017. Metapneumovirus infections. In: Saif, Y.M., Toro H., editors. Diagnosis of Major Poultry Diseases. Zaragozo, Spain: Grupo Asis Biomedia, S.L. p.38-40. Interpretive Summary: Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes upper respiratory tract disease in turkeys and is also associated with “swollen head syndrome” of chickens, resulting in significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Many other avian respiratory pathogens, such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and influenza viruses, may cause similar respiratory disease signs in chickens and turkeys as to those observed with aMPV infections. Therefore, accurate and timely diagnosis of aMPV disease is essential for design and implement of effective control measures. In this book chapter, the principle of aMPV disease diagnosis, disease features and techniques used to obtain the most accurate diagnosis, and differential diagnosis have been reviewed. This book is intended for the poultry veterinary practitioner. Technical Abstract: Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT), an acute upper respiratory tract infection of turkeys, and is also associated with swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens and egg production losses in layers. Since the first TRT reported in the late 1970s in South Africa, the virus has spread to all major poultry-producing areas in the world, resulting in significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Accurate and timely diagnosis of aMPV disease is essential for design and implement of effective control measures. In this book chapter, the principle of aMPV disease diagnosis, disease features and techniques used to obtain the most accurate diagnosis, and differential diagnosis have been reviewed. The preliminary diagnosis of aMPV disease is based on the clinical signs, transmission profiles, morbidity and mortality of the disease in poultry flock. The definite diagnosis of the disease requires laboratory detections, such as virus isolation, viral RNA detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and serological detections. This book is intended for the poultry veterinary practitioner. |
