Research Project: Intervention Strategies to Control and Eradicate Foreign Animal Diseases of Swine

Location: Foreign Animal Disease Research

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Assessment of the reversion to virulence and protective efficacy in pigs receiving the live attenuated classical swine fever recombinant vaccine candidate FlagT4G - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Velazquez Salinas, L., Valladares, A., Rai, A., Burton, L.J., Sastre, L.P., Silva, E.B., Ganges, L., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2025. Assessment of the reversion to virulence and protective efficacy in pigs receiving the live attenuated classical swine fever recombinant vaccine candidate FlagT4G. Vaccines. 13(5). Article 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050544.

Deletion of the African swine fever virus gen I196L in the Georgia2010 isolate genome does not affect virus replication or virulence in domestic pigs. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Borca, M.V., Ramirez Medina, E., Mutisya, C., Ojuok, R., Odaba, J., Dihbol, M., Gladue, D.P. 2025. Deletion of the African swine fever virus gen I196L in the Georgia2010 isolate genome does not affect virus replication or virulence in domestic pigs. Vaccines. 17(5):603. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050603.

Near complete genome sequence of the historic African swine fever isolate Uganda-898 - (Rapid Release Publication)
Spinard Iii, E.J., O'Donnell, V., Rai, A., Meyers, A., Valladares, A., Ramirez Medina, E., Faburary, B., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2025. Near complete genome sequence of the historic African swine fever isolate Uganda-898. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 14(7). Article e00513-24. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00513-24.

Complete African swine fever virus genome isolated from the 2023 outbreak in Cameroon - (Rapid Release Publication)
Faburay, B., Fondzenyuy, Y., Ndip, L., Acha, J., Masalla, T., Keneh, N., Esemu, S., Spinard Iii, E.J., Borca, M.V., Xu, L., Berninger, A., O'Donnell, V., Gladue, D.P. 2025. Complete African swine fever virus genome isolated from the 2023 outbreak in Cameroon. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 14(6). Article e00651-24. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00651-24.

Lyophilization of ASFV vaccine candidate ASFV-G-Delta I177L offers long term stability - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Espinoza, N.N., Spinard Iii, E.J., Rai, A., Ramirez Medina, E., Valladares, A., Meyers, A., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2024. Lyophilization of ASFV vaccine candidate ASFV-G-Delta I177L offers long term stability. Scientific Reports. 14. Article 31613. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80170-2.

Evaluation of the deletion of African swine fever virus E111R gene from the Georgia isolate in virus replication and virulence in domestic pigs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Velazquez Salinas, L., Valladares, A., Silva, E.B., Burton, L.J., Clark, J.A., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2024. Evaluation of the deletion of African swine fever virus E111R gene from the Georgia isolate in virus replication and virulence in domestic pigs. Viruses. 16(9). Article 1502. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091502.

A standardized pipeline for assembly and annotation of the African swine fever virus genome - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard Iii, E.J., Dinhobl, M.W., Erdelyan, C., O'Dwyer, J., Fenster, J., Birtley, H., Tesler, N., Calvelage, S., Leijon, M., Steinaa, L., O’Donnell, V., Blome, S., Bastos, A., Lacasta, A., Stahl, K., Hua-Ji, Q., Nilubol, D., O’Doom, T., Ohouko, O.F., Dougnon, V.T., Faburay, B., Mesambe, C., Netherton, C., Ambagala, A., Williams, D., Ribecca, P., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2024. A standardized pipeline for assembly and annotation of the African swine fever virus genome. Viruses. 16(8). Article 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081293.

African swine fever virus biotype identification tool - (Rapid Release Publication)
Dinhobl, M.W., Spinard Iii, E.J., Birtlery, H., Tesler, N., Masembe, C., Ribeca, P., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2025. African swine fever virus biotype identification tool. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00530-24.

Retrospective analysis reveals the 2021 outbreaks of African swine fever virus in Ghana were caused by two distinct genotypes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rai, A., Spinard Iii, E.J., Osei-Bonsu, J., Meyers, A., Dinhobl, M.W., O'Donnell, V., Ababio, P.T., Tawiah-Yingar, D., Baah, D., Ramirez Medina, E., Espinoza, N.N., Valladares, A., Faburay, B., Ambagala, A., Odoom, T., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2024. Retrospective analysis reveals the 2021 outbreaks of African swine fever virus in Ghana were caused by two distinct genotypes. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 16(8). Article 1256. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081265.

Analysis of the unique historical isolate of African swine fever isolate Spencer from outbreaks in 1951 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard Iii, E.J., Dinhobl, M.W., Fenster, J., Davis, C., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2024. Analysis of the unique historical isolate of African swine fever isolate Spencer from outbreaks in 1951. Viruses. 16(8). Article 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081175.

African swine fever virus protein-protein interaction identification prediction - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Fenster, J., Azzinaro, P.A., Spinard Iii, E.J., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2024. African swine fever virus protein-protein interaction identification prediction. Viruses. 16(7). Article 1170. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071170.

Viroporin-like activity of the hairpin transmembrane domain of African swine fever virus B169L protein - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gladue, D.P., Gomez-Lucas, L., Largo, E., Ramirez Medina, E., Torralba, J., Queralt, M., Alcaraz, A., Velazquez Salinas, L., Nieva, J., Borca, M.V. 2024. Viroporin-like activity of the hairpin transmembrane domain of African swine fever virus B169L protein. Journal of Virology. 98(8). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00231-24.

Rapid detection and quick characterization of African swine fever virus using the Voltrax automated library preparation platform - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
O'Donnel, V., Pierce, J., Osipenko, O., Xu, L., Berninger, A., Lakin, S., Barrette, R., Gladue, D.P., Faburay, B. 2024. Rapid detection and quick characterization of African swine fever virus using the Voltrax automated library preparation platform. Viruses. 16(5). Article 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050731.

Near-complete genome sequences of multiple genotype I African swine fever virus isolates from 2016 to 2018 in Cameroon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard III, E.J., Wade, A., Unger, H., Nenkam, R., Mayega, F.J., Sreenu, V., Da Silva Filipe, A., Mair, D., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P., Mesambe, C. 2024. Near-complete genome sequences of multiple genotype I African swine fever virus isolates from 2016 to 2018 in Cameroon. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 13. Article e00978-23. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00978-23.

Deletion of the EP402R gene from the genome of African swine fever vaccine strain ASFV-G-deltaI177L provides the potential capability of differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Borca, M.V., Ramirez Medina, E., Espinoza, N.N., Rai, A., Spinard III, E.J., Velazquez Salinas, L., Valladares, A., Silva, E.B., Burton, L.J., Meyers, A., Clark, J.A., Wu, P., Gay, C.G., Gladue, D.P. 2024. Deletion of the EP402R gene from the genome of African swine fever vaccine strain ASFV-G-deltaI177L provides the potential capability of differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals. Viruses. 16(3). Article 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030376.

The interaction between the DOCK7 protein and the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus is not involved with viral replication or pathogenicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Vuono, E., Ramirez Medina, E., Silva, C.M., Berggren, K., Ayushi, R., Espinoza, N.N., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2023. The interaction between the DOCK7 protein and the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus is not involved with viral replication or pathogenicity. Viruses. 16(1). Article 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16010070.

African swine fever virus p72 identification tool - (Other)
Dinhobl, M.W., Spinard III, E.J., Birtley, H., Tesler, N., Masembe, C., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2024. African swine fever virus p72 identification tool. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 13(2). Article e00891-23. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00891-23.

Evaluation of the deletion of the African swine fever virus gene O174L from the genome of the Georgia isolate - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Velazquez Salinas, L., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Valladares, A., Silva, E.B., Burton, L.J., Spinard III, E.J., Meyers, A., Risatti, G., Calvelage, S., Blome, S., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2023. Evaluation of the deletion of the African swine fever virus gene O174L from the genome of the Georgia isolate. Viruses. 15(10). Article 2134. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102134.

African swine fever vaccine candidate ASFV-g-deltaI177l produced in the swine macrophage-derived cell line IPKM remains genetically stable and protective against homologous virulent challenge - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Borca, M.V., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Ramirez Medina, E., Spinard III, E.J., Velazquez Salinas, L., Valladares, A., Silva, E.B., Burton, L.J., Meyers, A., Gay, C.G., Gladue, D.P. 2023. African swine fever vaccine candidate ASFV-g-deltaI177l produced in the swine macrophage-derived cell line IPKM remains genetically stable and protective against homologous virulent challenge. Viruses. 5(10). Article 2064. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102064.

African swine fever vaccine candidate ASFV-G-deltaI177L produced in the swine macrophage-derived cell line IPKM remains genetically stable and protective against homologous virulent challenge - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Spinard III, E.J., Meyers, A., Valladares, A., Velazquez Salinas, L., Gay, C.G., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V., Silva, E.B., Burton, L.J., Clark, J.A. 2023. African swine fever vaccine candidate ASFV-G-deltaI177L produced in the swine macrophage-derived cell line IPKM remains genetically stable and protective against homologous virulent challenge. Pathogens. 15(10). Article 2064. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102064.

The 2022 outbreaks of African swine fever virus demonstrate the first report of genotype II in Ghana - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard III, E.J., Rai, A., Osei-Bonsu, J., O'Donnell, V., Ababio, P., Tawuah-Yingar, D., Baah, D., Ramirez Medina, E., Espinoza, N.N., Valladares, A., Faburay, B., Ambagala, A., Odoom, T., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2023. The 2022 outbreaks of African swine fever virus demonstrate the first report of genotype II in Ghana. Viruses. 15(8). Article 1722. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081722.

A re-evaluation of African swine fever genotypes based on p72 sequences reveals only 5 distinct p72 groups - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard III, E.J., Dinhobl, M.W., Tesler, N., Birtley, H., Signore, A., Ambagala, A., Masembe, C., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2023. A re-evaluation of African swine fever genotypes based on p72 sequences reveals only 5 distinct p72 groups. Viruses. 15(8). Article 1722. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081722.

ASF vaccine candidate ASFV-G-deltaI177l does not exhibit residual virulence in long-term clinical studies - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Borca, M.V., Ramirez Medina, E., Silva, E.B., Ayushi, R., Espinoza, N.N., Velazquez Salinas, L., Gladue, D.P. 2023. ASF vaccine candidate ASFV-G-deltaI177l does not exhibit residual virulence in long-term clinical studies. Pathogens. 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060805.

Confirming the absence of parental African swine fever virus as a potential contaminant of recombinant live attenuated ASF vaccines - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Velazquez Salinas, L., Ramirez Medina, E., Rai, A., Pruitt, S.E., Vuono, E., Espinoza, N.N., Gay, C.G., Witte, S.B., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2023. Confirming the absence of parental African swine fever virus as a potential contaminant of recombinant live attenuated ASF vaccines. Biologicals. 3;83:101685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101685.

Pathogenesis and transmissibility studies of the ASFV strain currently causing outbreaks in the Dominican Republic - (Abstract Only)
Ramirez Medina, E., O'Donell, V., Silva, E.B., Espinoza, N.N., Velazquez Salinas, L., Moran, K., Daite, D., Barrette, R., Bonto, F., Holland, R., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2023. Pathogenesis and transmissibility studies of the ASFV strain currently causing outbreaks in the Dominican Republic. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14051090.

Classical swine fever virus structural glycoprotein E2 interacts with host protein ACADM during the virus infectious cycle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Vuono, E., Ramirez Medina, E., Silva, E.B., Berggren, K., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2023. Classical swine fever virus structural glycoprotein E2 interacts with host protein ACADM during the virus infectious cycle. Viruses. 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051036.

Characterization of a novel African swine fever virus p72 genotype II from Nigeria - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ambagala, A., Goonewardene, K., Lamboo, L., Goolia, M., Erdelyan, C., Fisher, M., Handel, K., Lung, O., Blome, S., King, J., Forth, J.H., Calvelage, S., Spinard III, E.J., Gladue, D.P., Masembe, C., Adedeji, A.J., Olubade, T., Maurice, N.A., Ularamu, H.G., Luka, P.D. 2023. Characterization of a novel African swine fever virus p72 genotype II from Nigeria. Viruses. 15(4). Article 915. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15040915.

Development of porcine monoclonal antibodies with in vitro neutralizing activity against classical swine fever virus from C-strain E2-specific single B cells - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, L., Madera, R., Li, Y., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V., McIntosh, M., Shi, J. 2023. Development of porcine monoclonal antibodies with in vitro neutralizing activity against classical swine fever virus from C-strain E2-specific single B cells. Viruses. 15(4). Article 863. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15040863.

Evaluation of potential recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains - (Abstract Only)
Spinard, E., Fish, I., Azzinaro, P.A., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Mogulothu, A., Rodriguez-Calzada, M., Arzt, J., De Los Santos, T.B., Medina, G.N. 2023. Evaluation of potential recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030670.

Evaluation of the function of ASFV gene E66L in the process of virus replication and virulence in swine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Vuono, E., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Valladares, A., Spinard III, E.J., Velazquez Salinas, L., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2023. Evaluation of the function of ASFV gene E66L in the process of virus replication and virulence in swine. Viruses. 15(2). Article 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020566.

Editorial: Insights of important mammalian viruses: Infection, pathogenesis and drugs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Li, Y., Gladue, D.P., Li, S., Deng, L., Shen, C., Aguilar, P., Wang, T., Kong, L. 2023. Editorial: Insights of important mammalian viruses: Infection, pathogenesis and drugs. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147109.

Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of African swine fever virus detected from a backyard pig in Mongolia, 2019 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hyeon, J., Tseren-Ochir, E., Lee, D., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V., Risatti, G.R. 2023. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of African swine fever virus detected from a backyard pig in Mongolia, 2019. Viruses. 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1094052.

Full genome sequence for the African swine fever virus outbreak in the Dominican Republic in 1980 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard III, E.J., O'Donnell, V., Vuono, E., Davis, C., Rai, A., Ramirez Medina, E., Espinoza, N.N., Valladares, A., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2023. Full genome sequence for the African swine fever virus outbreak in the Dominican Republic in 1980. Scientific Reports. 13. Article 1024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25987-5.

A highly effective African swine fever virus vaccine elicits a memory T cell response in vaccinated swine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Attreed, S.E., Silva, C.M., Abbott, S.T., Ramirez Medina, E., Espinoza, N.N., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P., Diaz San Segundo, F.C. 2022. A highly effective African swine fever virus vaccine elicits a memory T cell response in vaccinated swine. Pathogens. 11(12). Article 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121438.

Deletion of an African swine fever ATP-dependent RNA hel-icase QP509L from the highly virulent Georgia 2010 strain does not affect replication or virulence - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Vuono, E., Pruitt, S., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Spinard III, E.J., Valadares, A., Silva, E.B., Velazquez Salinas, L., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2022. Deletion of an African swine fever ATP-dependent RNA hel-icase QP509L from the highly virulent Georgia 2010 strain does not affect replication or virulence. Viruses. 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/v14112548.

The presence of virus neutralizing antibodies is highly associated with protection against virulent challenge in domestic pigs immunized with ASFV live attenuated vaccine candidates - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Silva, E.B., Krug, P., Ramirez Medina, E., Pruitt, S., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Valladares, A., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2022. The presence of virus neutralizing antibodies is highly associated with protection against virulent challenge in domestic pigs immunized with ASFV live attenuated vaccine candidates. Pathogens. 11(11). Article 1311. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111311.

Structural predictions of the complete ASFV-G proteome - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard III, E.J., Azzinaro, P.A., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Ramirez Medina, E., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2022. Structural predictions of the complete ASFV-G proteome. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 11(12):e0088122. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00881-22.

Mutation of FMDV Lpro residues outside substrate binding domain drives viral attenuation - (Abstract Only)
Diaz San Segundo, F.C., Azzinaro, P.A., Zhu, J.J., Medina, G.N., De Los Santos, T.B. 2022. Mutation of FMDV Lpro residues outside substrate binding domain drives viral attenuation. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1028077.

African Swine Fever Vaccinology: Why Is It Difficult? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhu, J.J. 2022. African Swine Fever Vaccinology: Why Is It Difficult? . Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14092021.

African Swine Fever Vaccinology: Why Is It Difficult? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhu, J.J. 2022. African Swine Fever Vaccinology: Why Is It Difficult?. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14092021.

The FlagT4G vaccine confers a strong and regulated innate immunity that correlates with early virological protection against Classical swine fever - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bohórquez, J.A., Wang, M., Diaz, I., Alberch, M., Perez-Simo, M., Rosell, R., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V., Llilianne, G. 2022. The FlagT4G vaccine confers a strong and regulated innate immunity that correlates with early virological protection against classical swine fever. Viruses. 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091954.

ASFV Gene A151R is involved in the process of virulence in domestic swine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Vuono, E., Pruitt, S., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Valladares, A., Spinard III, E.J., Silva, E.B., Velazquez Salinas, L., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2022. ASFV Gene A151R is involved in the process of virulence in domestic swine. Viruses. 14(8). Article 1834. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081834.

Deletion of the EP296R gene from the genome of highly virulent African swine fever virus Georgia 2010 does not affect virus replication or virulence in domestic pigs - (Abstract Only)
Vuono, E., Ramirez Medina, E., Pruitt, S.E., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Spinard Iii, E.J., Valladares, A., Velazquez Salinas, L., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2022. Deletion of the EP296R gene from the genome of highly virulent African swine fever virus Georgia 2010 does not affect virus replication or virulence in domestic pigs. Virus Research. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081682.

Deletion of the ASFV dUTPase gene E165R from the genome of highly virulent African swine fever virus Georgia 2010 does not affect virus replication or virulence in domestic pigs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Vuono, E., Ramirez Medina, E., Pruitt, S.E., Rai, A., Espinoza, N.N., Silva, E.B., Velazquez Salinas, L., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2022. Deletion of the ASFV dUTPase gene E165R from the genome of highly virulent African swine fever virus Georgia 2010 does not affect virus replication or virulence in domestic pigs. Viruses. 14(7). Article 1409. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071409.

Determining hyperimmune serum neutralizing effect on African Swine Fever Virus and serum enhancing effect on extracellular virion infectivity in adherent pig PBMC by flow cytometry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Canter, J.A., Aponte, T., Ramirez Medina, E., Pruitt, S.E., Neilan, J., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V., Zhu, J.J. 2022. Determining hyperimmune serum neutralizing effect on African Swine Fever Virus and serum enhancing effect on extracellular virion infectivity in adherent pig PBMC by flow cytometry. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061249.

Determining hyperimmune serum neutralizing effect on African Swine Fever Virus and serum enhancing effect on extracellular virion infectivity in adherent pig PBMC by flow cytometryg - (Abstract Only)
Canter, J.A., Aponte, T., Ramirez Medina, E., Pruitt, S.E., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V., Zhu, J.J. 2022. Determining hyperimmune serum neutralizing effect on African Swine Fever Virus and serum enhancing effect on extracellular virion infectivity in adherent pig PBMC by flow cytometryg. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15040915.

Recombinant ASF live attenuated virus strains as experimental vaccine candidates - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2022. Recombinant ASF live attenuated virus strains as experimental vaccine candidates. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050878.

Evaluation of the safety profile of the ASFV vaccine candidate ASFV-G-I177L - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xuan, T., Le Thi Thu, P., Nguyen Quang, H., Do Thanh, T., Nguyen Van, D., Pham Hào, Q., Quách Võ, N., Gay, C.G., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2022. Evaluation of the safety profile of the ASFV vaccine candidate ASFV-G-I177L. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050896.

Identification of genetic deletions in ASFV that could be potentially used as targets for the development of DIVA vaccines - (Abstract Only)
Vuono, E., Ramirez Medina, E., Silva, E.B., Rai, A., Pruitt, S.E., Espinoza, N.N., Velazquez Salinas, L., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2022. Identification of genetic deletions in ASFV that could be potentially used as targets for the development of DIVA vaccines. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01419-21.

Deletion of E184L, a Putative DIVA Target from the Pandemic Strain of African Swine Fever Virus, Produces a Reduction in Virulence and Protection against Virulent Challenge - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Vuono, E., Rai, A., Pruitt, S.E., Espinoza, N.N., Velazquez Salinas, L., Pina-Pedrero, S., Zhu, J.J., Rodriguez, F., Borca, M.V., Gladue, D.P. 2021. Deletion of E184L, a putative DIVA target from the pandemic strain of African Swine Fever Virus, produces a reduction in virulence and protection against virulent challenge. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01419-21.

Pegylated Interferon vs Standard Interferon: a promising biotherapeutic platform to get strong and long-lasting antiviral activity against FMDV - (Proceedings)
Diaz San Segundo, F.C., Medina, G.N., De Los Santos, T.B. 2021. Pegylated Interferon vs Standard Interferon: a promising biotherapeutic platform to get strong and long-lasting antiviral activity against FMDV. Global Foot-and Mouth Disease Research Alliance (GFRA). https://doi.org//10.3389/fmicb.2021.668890.

Evaluation of the deletion of ASFV MGF110-5L-6L on swine virulence and its potential use as a DIVA vaccine marker gene - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramirez Medina, E., Vuono, E., Pruitt, S.E., Rai, A., Valladares, A., Espinoza, N.N., Velazquez Salinas, L., Gladue, D.P., Borca, M.V. 2021. Evaluation of the deletion of ASFV MGF110-5L-6L on swine virulence and its potential use as a DIVA vaccine marker gene. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020286.