Submitted to: Journal of Medical Entomology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/5/2025
Publication Date: 10/1/2025
Citation: Mcnamara, T.D., Cabezas, D., Galvez, A., Addae, C.A., Bartz, C.E., Kline, D.L., Buckner, E.A., Jiang, P., Martin, E.M. 2025. Long-term In2Care deployment at recommended label rate fails to manage Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Central Florida. Journal of Medical Entomology. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf141.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf141

Interpretive Summary: Aedes aegypti, known commonly as the yellow fever mosquito, has recently become re-established in Gainesville. Currently, Gainesville Mosquito Control uses a combination of methods in an attempt to manage mosquito population abundance, such as source reduction, biological control, and chemical control aimed at both adults and immature stages. So far this approach has failed due to factors such as increased resistance to the use of insecticides and the cryptic nature of the developmental sites of the immature stages. Therefore, In2Care, a relatively new product which uses two active ingredients was evaluated. This product relies on the adult mosquitoes finding the In2Care stations, becoming contaminated with the active ingredients, and then spreading these active ingredients to the cryptic sites. In this study we saw little impact on the mosquito population level. We speculate that this may be due to our placement pattern of the In2Care stations, an insufficient number of stations and/or to an environment in where re-invasion could readily occur.

Technical Abstract: The In2Care mosquito station has shown promise as a method of reducing the abundance of multiple mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti, under semi-field and/or field conditions. However, successful field-level studies were limited to geographically isolated locations, where reinvasion of mosquitoes from nearby areas is unlikely. To assess the efficacy of In2Care station deployment within non-isolated environments, we conducted long-term label-rate In2Care deployment within a neighborhood in the urban center of Gainesville, FL. A total of twenty-two surveillance sites were distributed equally between our designated in2Care treatment zone and control zone. On May 4, 2023, a total of 180 traps were deployed in the 15-acre treatment zone of the Pleasant Street neighborhood on. No impact was observed on adult Ae. aegypti or mosquito egg abundance within the treatment area. Additionally, no shift in the parity rate of females were recorded, indicating that all together, the presence of In2Caree stations did not affect the Ae. aegypti population levels and age structure. These results imply that In2Care deployment may not be effective at managing mosquitoes under all circumstances, particularly within environments where reinvasion could readily occur.