Genomic designing for biotic stress resistant peanut

Authors: BERA, S - Indian Council Of Agricultural Research (ICAR); RANI, KIRTI - Indian Council Of Agricultural Research (ICAR); KAMDAR, J - Indian Council Of Agricultural Research (ICAR); PANDEY, M - International Crops Research Institute For Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) - India; DESMAE, H - International Crops Research Institute For The Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT); Holbrook, Carl - Corley; BUROW, M - Texas Agrilife Research; MANIVANNAN, N - Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; BHAT, R - University Of Agricultural Sciences; JASANI, MITAL - Indian Council Of Agricultural Research (ICAR); BERA, SATARUPA - Indian Council Of Agricultural Research (ICAR); BADIGANNAVAR, ANAND - Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; SUNKAD, G - University Of Agricultural Sciences; WRIGHT, GRAEME - Peanut Company Of Australia; JANILA, P - Consultative Group On International Agricultural Research; VARSHNEY, R - Consultative Group On International Agricultural Research

Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/15/2022
Publication Date: 5/15/2022
Citation: Bera, S.K., Rani, K., Kamdar, J.H., Pandey, M.K., Desmae, H., Holbrook Jr, C.C., Burow, M.D., Manivannan, N., Bhat, R.S., Jasani, M.D., Bera, S.S., Badigannavar, A.M., Sunkad, G., Wright, G.C., Janila, P., Varshney, R.K. 2022. Genomic designing for biotic stress resistant peanut. In: C. Kole (ed.) Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Oil Seed Crops. Springer Nature Switzerland.. pp. 137-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91035-8_9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91035-8_9

Interpretive Summary: Peanut is an important oilseed crop. Yield for peanut is limited by several significant disease pathogens. Recent developments in genomics, combined with the use of available genetic resources are enabling more rapid development of peanut with resistance to important diseases. This chapter provides a review of achievements in genomics with a special emphasis on QTL discovery, mapping of desirable traits and molecular assisted breeding approaches. The chapter also offers an overview of the most recent genomic discoveries, methods, and techniques used, as well as their possible applications for peanut improvement.

Technical Abstract: Peanut is an oilseed crop that is essential for food and nutritional protection around the world. It is a source of livelihoods to smallholder growers of Asia and Sub-Sharan Africa. However, yield losses keep increasing under present climate change accompanied by raising CO2 levels, erratic rainfall, rising and fluctuating atmospheric temperature, despite a considerable genetic gain in yield since the 1960s. Moreover, climate change and global warming lead to the occurrence of a number of biotic stresses that severely affect crop yield and productivity. Furthermore, the cultivated peanut’s genetic architecture and tetraploid nature have resulted in low genetic diversity for many economically significant traits. Significant achievement in yield and tolerance against biotic stresses has been made by conventional approaches, although time consuming, and laborious. Recent developments in genomics, combined with the use of available genetic resources, have raised the peanut to that of a “genomic-rich oilseed crop.” As a result, a comprehensive approach that includes the application of genomic knowledge that techniques in crop improvement programs is critical for furthering peanut productivity advancement. Molecular markers are the most useful genomic tools for characterizing and harnessing usable genetic variability. Researchers are now moving faster towards traits and their genetic mapping studies. In addition, the existence of a diploid progenitor reference genome, tetraploid genotype, and 58K SNPs, a high-density genotyping assay have greatly aided high-resolution genetic mapping. There has also been important progress in developing multiparental genetic mapping populations namely, nested association mapping (NAM) and multi-parents advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) for mapping of quantitative and multiple traits simultaneous with high-resolution. The low cost of sequencing aided the development of mapping techniques based on sequencing especially QTL-sequencing for dissecting complex traits such as resistance to diseases. In peanut, there are a few promising examples of diagnostic markers for biotic stresses being developed and deployed in genetic improvement. In this context, this chapter provides recent information on the various biotic stresses faced by the crop across the globe, progress made through conventional breeding programs, transgenic approaches, and achievements in genomics with a special emphasis on QTL discovery, mapping of desirable traits and molecular assisted breeding approaches. The chapter also offers an overview of the most recent genomic discoveries, methods, and techniques used, as well as their possible applications for peanut improvement.