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Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter Publication Acceptance Date: 4/2/2016 Publication Date: 7/20/2017 Citation: Wintermantel, W.M. 2017. Beet yellow stunt. In: Subbarao, K.V., Davis, R.M., Gibertson, R.L., Raid, R.N., editors. Compendium of Lettuce Diseases and Pests. 2nd edition. St. Paul, MN: APS Press. p. 70-71. Interpretive Summary: Beet yellow stunt virus (BYSV) is a potentially destructive yellows-type virus affecting plants in the family Asteraceae. The virus is a member of the genus Closterovirus, family Closteroviridae, and has been found in California and England. Initial symptoms consist of chlorosis of the older leaves, similar to the early symptoms induced by Beet western yellows virus on lettuce. Outer leaves may begin to fold backwards. As growth progresses, the older leaves of affected plants develop a pronounced yellowing. BYSV particles are very long, flexuous, filamentous rods approximately 1,400 nm long and 12.5 nm in diameter. The virions have a single major capsid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 24.5 kDa and a single species of single-stranded genomic RNA of approximately 18,000 nucleotides in length. BYSV is transmitted by aphids in a semipersistent manner, and the sowthistle aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae is the most efficient vector. BYSV is not seed transmitted, nor can it be transmitted mechanically from plant-to-plant. BYSV is not common in lettuce; therefore resistance to the virus has not been studied. In order to limit transmission to new crops, new plantings of susceptible crops should be isolated from large areas of sowthistle (Sonchus sp.), as well as fields known to be infested with BYSV. If the disease becomes problematic, insecticides could be used to control the sowthistle aphid or other aphid species found in infested fields. Technical Abstract: Beet yellow stunt virus (BYSV) is a potentially destructive yellows-type virus affecting plants in the family Asteraceae. The virus is a member of the genus Closterovirus, family Closteroviridae, and has been found in California and England. Initial symptoms consist of chlorosis of the older leaves, similar to the early symptoms induced by Beet western yellows virus on lettuce. Outer leaves may begin to fold backwards. As growth progresses, the older leaves of affected plants develop a pronounced yellowing. BYSV particles are very long, flexuous, filamentous rods approximately 1,400 nm long and 12.5 nm in diameter. The virions have a single major capsid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 24.5 kDa and a single species of single-stranded genomic RNA of approximately 18,000 nucleotides in length. BYSV is transmitted by aphids in a semipersistent manner, and the sowthistle aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae is the most efficient vector. BYSV is not seed transmitted, nor can it be transmitted mechanically from plant-to-plant. BYSV is not common in lettuce; therefore resistance to the virus has not been studied. In order to limit transmission to new crops, new plantings of susceptible crops should be isolated from large areas of sowthistle (Sonchus sp.), as well as fields known to be infested with BYSV. If the disease becomes problematic, insecticides could be used to control the sowthistle aphid or other aphid species found in infested fields. |
