Author
ROMAN, MAXINE - University Of California | |
Burri, Betty | |
SINGH, R. PAUL - University Of California |
Submitted to: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 9/8/2012 Publication Date: 9/17/2012 Citation: Roman, M.J., Burri, B.J., Singh, R. 2012. Release and bioaccessibility of ß-carotene from fortified almond butter preparations during in vitro digestion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60(38). Interpretive Summary: Beta-carotene forms vitamin A, and is a major source of this nutrient. However, beta-carotene is poorly digested from foods. Thus, it has poor bioaccessibility. Fat increases beta-carotene bioaccessibility, so it may be well-absorbed from almond butter spreads. The bioaccessibility of beta-carotene-rich foods in humans can be estimated by in vitro digestion models. We measured the absorption of beta-carotene from fortified almond butter using two different in vitro digestion models, one was a typical static model and the other was a dynamic model called a Human Gastric Simulator (HGS). The HGS mimics gastric peristalsis. Two types of fortifiers were investigated, beta-carotene in oil, and beta-carotene encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microcapsules. The encapsulated beta-carotene is made to be released in the intestine, not in the stomach. Foods digested in the HGS released more beta-carotene from the unencapsulated oil. Also, the beta-carotene in the oil was more accessible than the encapsulated beta-carotene. Unencapsulated beta carotene in oil appears to be the preferred method of fortification of almond butter. Technical Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the release and bioaccessibility of ß-carotene from fortified almond butter using in vitro digestion models. Two types of fortifiers were investigated: ß-carotene oil (non-encapsulated) and alginate-chitosan capsules containing ß-carotene oil (encapsulated). Shaking water bath and Human Gastric Simulator (HGS) digestion models assessed the impact of gastric peristalsis on the release of ß-carotene. Bioaccessibility of ß-carotene was measured as percent recovered from the micelle fraction. There was greater release of ß-carotene from non-encapsulated fortified almond butter in the HGS model (87.1%) due to peristalsis than the shaking water bath model (51.0%). More ß-carotene was released from encapsulated fortified almond butter during intestinal digestion. However, more ß-carotene was recovered from the micelle fraction of non-encapsulated fortified almond butter. Non-encapsulated ß-carotene oil appears to be the preferred method of fortification of almond butter due to its higher bioaccessibility. |