Author
HARTMAN, GLEN | |
HUANG, Y - DOW AGRO SCI/TAIWAN | |
LI, SUSAN - UNIV OF ILLINOIS |
Submitted to: Australasian Plant Pathlogy Society
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 7/15/2003 Publication Date: 8/15/2004 Citation: Hartman, G.L., Huang, Y.H., Li, S., 2004. Phytotoxicity of fusarium solani culture filtrates from soybeans and other hosts assayed by stem cuttings. Australasian Plant Pathology. 33:9-15. Interpretive Summary: Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Yield losses of 20 to 46% have been reported in east-central Illinois. Various phytotoxins are produced by fungal pathogens and a variety of methods have been used to assay fungal toxins. F. solani f. sp. glycines colonizes soybean roots and produces a toxin that is translocated to leaves and cause intervienal chlorosis and necrosis. Several experiments evaluated the phytotoxicity of cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines by immersing cuttings of soybean seedlings into filtrates to determine what in vitro growth conditions alter the phytotoxicity. In addition, toxin specificity of F. solani f. sp. glycines and other F. solani was elevated on cuttings of soybean and other legume species. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani isolates from cucumber and pumpkin did not cause symptoms on soybean cuttings while filtrates of F. solani isolates obtained from other hosts caused some leaf chlorosis and/or necrotic spots. F. solani f. sp. glycines inoculated on eight legume species caused symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, defoliation, wilt or death on most of the species, but azuki bean, common pea and vetch were symptomless. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines caused foliar symptoms on all cuttings of legume species except for mung bean, although none of the symptoms matched the SDS symptoms observed on soybean foliage. This research is important in determining the specificity of toxic culture filtrate produced by the fungus causing SDS and provides new information to mycologist, toxicologist and others working on phytotoxins produced by fungi. Technical Abstract: Fusarium solani infects roots of a number of different plant species and some strains produce phytotoxins. F. solani f. sp. glycines, the causal organism of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max), colonizes soybean roots and produces toxin(s) that are translocated to leaves and cause intervienal chlorosis and necrosis. Several experiments evaluated the phytotoxicity of cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines by immersing cuttings of soybean seedlings into filtrates to determine what in vitro growth conditions alter the phytotoxicity, and to determine the specificity of toxicity of F. solani f. sp. glycines and other F. solani on cuttings of soybean and other legume species. Foliar disease severity ratings of soybean cuttings in cell-free culture filtrates diluted 25- and 50-fold were higher than when diluted 100-fold or more. Cell-free culture filtrates originating from cultures grown at 15, 20, and 25'C caused greater (P = 0.05) foliar disease severity ratings on cutting than when the fungus was grown at 30'C. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani isolates from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) did not cause symptoms on soybean cuttings while filtrates of F. solani isolates obtained from other hosts caused some leaf chlorosis and/or necrotic spots. F. solani f. sp. glycines inoculated on eight legume species caused symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, defoliation, wilt or death on most of the species, but azuki bean (Vigna angularis), common pea (Pisum sativum) and vetch (Vicia sativa) were symptomless. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines caused foliar symptoms on all cuttings of legume species except for mung bean (Vigna radiata), although none of the symptoms matched the SDS symptomsobserved on soybean foliage. |