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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Corvallis, Oregon » Horticultural Crops Production and Genetic Improvement Research Unit » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #400094
Research Project: Improved Fruit, Grape and Wine Products through Precision Agriculture and Quality Component Evaluation

Location: Horticultural Crops Production and Genetic Improvement Research Unit

Title: Idaho ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape composition altered by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3

Author
item Lee, Jungmin
item Rennaker, Christopher - Chris
item THOMPSON, BRANDON - University Of Idaho
item DAHAN, JENNIFER - University Of Idaho
item KARASEV, ALEXANDER - University Of Idaho

Submitted to: NFS Journal
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/11/2023
Publication Date: 2/16/2023
Citation: Lee, J., Rennaker, C.D., Thompson, B.D., Dahan, J., Karasev, A.V. 2023. Idaho ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape composition altered by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3. NFS Journal. 31:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2023.02.002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2023.02.002

Interpretive Summary: Making fine wine begins in the vineyard with the production of high-quality fruit. Viruses, such as grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) can have negative impacts on both vine productivity and fruit quality. This paper is the first report on GLRaV-3 grape quality in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes obtained from our Idaho industry collaborators. This work was conducted for three growing seasons. Grapes from GLRaV-3 infected vines had higher organic acids, and lower quantities of phenolics compared to healthy vines, which indicate a delay in ripening. Phenolics are important compounds in grape and wine quality that contribute to its color, appearance, taste, and mouthfeel. Findings from this work indicate GLRaV-3 may impact wine quality negatively, the importance of obtaining virus free planting material, and subsequent monitoring of vineyards for GLRaV-3.

Technical Abstract: This is the first report of how grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) infected vines impact Idaho grown ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape quality. A single block of plants selected based on molecular testing, with pairs of healthy and GLRaV-3 infected vines, was examined for grape quality for three consecutive growing seasons. Grapes from GLRaV-3 infected vines had significantly higher concentrations of total organic acids (both tartaric acid and malic acid were elevated), and were significantly lower in total anthocyanins (10 mg/100g difference), total phenolics (40 mg/100 g difference), total tannins (63 mg/100 g difference), and total free amino acids (43 mg/kg difference; nine free amino acids) compared to healthy vines. Cluster weights and concentrations of total sugars (glucose and fructose), and yeast assimilable nitrogen content, were not different between healthy and infected vines. Based on these findings, some quality elements of Idaho ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes important in wine production were negatively impacted by GLRaV-3 infection.