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ARS Home » Plains Area » College Station, Texas » Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center » Crop Germplasm Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #397874

Research Project: Cotton Genetic Resource Management and Genetic Improvement

Location: Crop Germplasm Research

Title: Genetic analysis of mutagenesis that induces photoperiod insensitivity of wild cotton Gossypium hirsutum subsp. Purpurascens

Author
item KUSHANOV, FAKHRIDDIN - Uzbekistan Academy Of Sciences
item KOMILOV, DONIYOR - Uzbekistan Academy Of Sciences
item TURAEV, OZOD - Uzbekistan Academy Of Sciences
item ERNAZAROVA, DILRABO - Uzbekistan Academy Of Sciences
item AMANBOYEVA, ROZA - National University Of Uzbekistan
item GAPPAROV, BUNYOD - Uzbekistan Academy Of Sciences
item Yu, John

Submitted to: Plants
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/1/2022
Publication Date: 11/8/2022
Citation: Kushanov, F., Komilov, D., Turaev, O., Ernazarova, D., Amanboyeva, R., Gapparov, B., Yu, J. 2022. Genetic analysis of mutagenesis that induces photoperiod insensitivity of wild cotton Gossypium hirsutum subsp. Purpurascens. Plants. 11(22). https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/22/3012#.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223012

Interpretive Summary: Most wild and primitive accessions of cotton germplasm are sensitive to photoperiod, limiting the use of genetic diversity essential for the improvement of cotton crop. In this study, we analyzed a wild-type Upland cotton perennial subspecies that was treated with gamma radiation and became day-neutral in flowering, or insensitive to photoperiod. The mutagenesis caused morphological, cytological, and genomic changes in this wild cotton known for its adaptation to the environment and its tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Many of the changes were highly inheritable, indicating that they were transmitted to the progeny of the mutated cotton plant. Genetic tools called quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes related to the flowering traits were identified using the segregating progeny from a cross between the wild-type and its mutated derivative. DNA markers associated with these traits will facilitate cotton breeding programs to introduce new genetic variation from the wild cotton.

Technical Abstract: Cotton genus Gossypium, especially its wild species, is rich in genetic diversity. However, only small portion of the valuable genetic resource is used in cotton breeding programs. Because of the photoperiod sensitivity and other factors, the genetic diversity of the genus Gossypium is largely untapped yet. In this study, we present genetic analysis of morphological, cytological, and genomic changes from radiation-mediated mutagenesis that induced plant photoperiod insensitivity in a wild cotton of Gossypium hirsutum. Inheritance of several morphological and economical traits was high that differed between the wild-type G. hirsutum subsp. purpurascens (El-Salvador) and its mutant line (Kupaysin). Analysis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) revealed quadrivalents that had an open ring shape and an adjoining type of divergence of chromosomes from translocation complexes. Using 336 SSR markers and 157 F2 progenies that were grown with parental genotypes and F1 hybrids in a long day and short night conditions, five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cotton flowering were located on chromosomes 5, 11, and 16, respectively. Candidate genes related to this trait were identified through molecular and in silico analysis. The DNA markers associated with flowering gene candidates would provide useful tools in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cotton breeding programs for early flowering and maturity among other desirable traits.