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Title: Descriptions of Kashmira dimorphicauda gen. n., sp. n. and Aphelenchoides hypotris sp. n. from Kashmir Valley, India

Author
item SHAH, ALI - Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University
item SIDDIQI, MOHAMMAD RAFIQ - Nematode Taxonomy Laboratory
item Handoo, Zafar

Submitted to: International Journal of Nematology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/29/2015
Publication Date: 8/11/2015
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/61354
Citation: Shah, A.A., Siddiqi, M.R., Handoo, Z.A. 2015. Descriptions of Kashmira dimorphicauda gen. n., sp. n. and Aphelenchoides hypotris sp. n. from Kashmir Valley, India. International Journal of Nematology. 25(1):17-25.

Interpretive Summary: Nematodes are microscopic worms that live in the soil. Some cause crop diseases of $100 billion annually; others feeding on fungi or other microorganisms are beneficial to agriculture. One major agricultural problem is that the species of nematodes in a particular field are often unknown to science. In this study, scientists from India and the United Kingdom in collaboration with an ARS scientist report the discovery of two new species of nematodes from Kashmir Valley, India. These nematodes were characterized, described and illustrated anatomically with a light microscope. Moreover, methods for identifying these and related species are presented. The results are significant because the description of new species and refined methodology allows different species to be distinguished from each other more easily. Therefore, this research will be used by research scientists, action agencies, and extension agencies involved in nematode research and control.

Technical Abstract: Kashmira dimorphicauda gen. n., sp. n. and Aphelenchoides hypotris sp. n. are described and illustrated from freshwater stream soil in Kashmir Valley, India. Kashmira gen. n. is characterized by having dimorphic tails: coinoid-spicate tail in female and subcylindroid with rounded, non-spicate tip with a minute mucro in male. It belongs to the family Seinuridae. Kashmira dimorphicauda gen. n., sp. n. has females with 0.317-0.415 (0.365) mm long body, sclerotized labial framework, tubular stylet 13-16 µm long lacking basal thickenings, vulva located at 77-79 percent, degenerate rectum and anus and dorsally convex-conoid tail with spicate terminus. Male has typical spicules with elongate rod-like apex directed anteriorly, well developed pointed rostrum direct ventrally and ventral limb strongly curved, about half as long as the dorsal limb. Aphelenchoides hypotris sp. n. is characterized by its shorter body length (under 0.3 mm) than most other Aphelenchoides spp. (hence the name), stylet 7-8 µm long with minute rounded basal knobs, excretory pore close to oesophageal bulb, potvulval uterine sac 1.8-2.9 vulval body widths long, tail subcylindroid, ventrally curved 18-25 µm long with a pointed terminal mucro and spicules with indistinct apex and rostrum.