Research Project: Intervention Strategies to Control Endemic and New Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Diseases of Swine

Location: Virus and Prion Research

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

A single-cell immune atlas of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in pigs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wiarda, J.E., Kapoor, M., Sivasankaran, S.K., Byrne, K.A., Loving, C.L., Tuggle, C.K. 2026. A single-cell immune atlas of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in pigs. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1704257.

Contemporary United States PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C.5 isolate causes severe disease comparable to historic highly pathogenic PRRSV - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Immunohistochemical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Zanella, E.L. 2025. Immunohistochemical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues. Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.8epv5k2d6v1b/v1.

TUNEL staining to detect apoptotic cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Stoy, C.P. 2025. TUNEL staining to detect apoptotic cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues. Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.5jyl88dwrl2w/v1.

Immunohistochemical detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E. 2025. Immunohistochemical detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues. Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.j8nlky831g5r/v1.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection promotes Peyer's patch immune induction and epithelial defense via single-cell transcriptional reprogramming - (Pre-print Publication)
Wiarda, J.E., Arruda, B.L., Zanella, E.L., Kim, H., Hau, S.J., Zhang, J., Devries, A.C. 2025. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection promotes Peyer's patch immune induction and epithelial defense via single-cell transcriptional reprogramming. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.13.659514.

Systems vaccinology for enhanced swine health: targeting PRRSV with prototype interferon-augmented vaccines - (Abstract Only)

Pathogenicity-dependent temporal progression of PRRSV-induced acute thymic atrophy - (Abstract Only)

United States PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C.5 isolate demonstrates similar pathogenicity to a historic Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV - (Pre-print Publication)
Wiarda, J.E., Anderson, S.J., Kim, H., Chang, T., Tidgren Hanson, L., Zanella, E.L., Arruda, B.L., Wymore Brand, M.J., Hau, S.J., Zhang, J., Devries, A.C. 2025. United States PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C.5 isolate demonstrates similar pathogenicity to a historic Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.23.648216.

Systemic immune responses and clinical outcomes in swine infected with high pathogenicity and low pathogenicity PRRSV - (Abstract Only)

Vaccine efficacy of a replication-competent interferon-expressing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus against NADC-34 challenge - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Miller, L., Anderson, S.J., Devries, A.C., Schirtzinger, E., Hasan, M., Sarlo Davila, K.M., Fleming, D.S., Lager, K.M., Li, J., Sang, Y. 2025. Vaccine efficacy of a replication-competent interferon-expressing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus against NADC-34 challenge. Vaccines. 13(4). Article 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040413.

Single-cell RNA sequencing characterization of Holstein cattle blood and milk immune cells during a chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis infection - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Sarlo Davila, K.M., Trachsel, J.M., Loving, C.L., Boggiatto, P.M., Lippolis, J.D., Putz, E.J. 2025. Single-cell RNA sequencing characterization of Holstein cattle blood and milk immune cells during a chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis infection. Scientific Reports. 15. Article 12689. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96657-5.

Comparative pathogenesis of a Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to a contemporary United States L1C variant - (Abstract Only)

Replication-competent recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus expressing antiviral cytokine interferon-5 as a modified live virus vaccine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Miller, L., Anderson, S.J., Devries, A.C., Schirtzinger, E., Hasan, M., Sarlo Davila, K.M., Fleming, D.S., Lager, K.M., Li, J., Sang, Y. 2025. Replication-competent recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus expressing antiviral cytokine interferon-5 as a modified live virus vaccine. Veterinary Microbiology. 301. Article 110336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110366.

Multiplexed brightfield detection of CD3e, IBA-1, and Pax5 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues of pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Zanella, E.L., Palmer, M.V. 2024. Multiplexed brightfield detection of CD3e, IBA-1, and Pax5 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues of pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer . Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.rm7vzk394vx1/v1.

Multiplexed fluorescent detection of CD3e, IBA-1, Pax5, and Ki-67 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pig lymph node tissue - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Zanella, E.L., Shircliff, A.L. 2024. Multiplexed fluorescent detection of CD3e, IBA-1, Pax5, and Ki-67 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pig lymph node tissue. Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.j8nlk94yxv5r/v1.

Co-detection of RNA and protein (CD3e, IBA-1, Pax5, Ki-67, or pan-cytokeratin type I/II) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tonsil tissues of pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Shircliff, A.L., Zanella, E.L., Loving, C.L., Palmer, M.V. 2024. Co-detection of RNA and protein (CD3e, IBA-1, Pax5, Ki-67, or pan-cytokeratin type I/II) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tonsil tissues of pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer. Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.n92ldr5o8g5b/v1.

CD3e protein, Pax5 protein, and Senecavirus RNA detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Shircliff, A.L., Cassmann, E.D., Devries, A.C. 2024. CD3e protein, Pax5 protein, and Senecavirus RNA detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues. Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.dm6gp9d4dvzp/v1.

IBA-1 protein, cytokeratin type I/II protein, and Senecavirus RNA detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues - (Other)
Wymore Brand, M.J., Shircliff, A.L., Cassmann, E.D., Devries, A.C. 2024. IBA-1 protein, cytokeratin type I/II protein, and Senecavirus RNA detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pig tissues. Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.yxmvm9yd9l3p/v1.

Single-plex brightfield detection of CD3e, IBA-1, Pax5, Ki-67, and pan-cytokeratin type I/II in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tonsil tissues of pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer - (Other)
Wiarda, J.E., Zanella, E.L., Loving, C.L., Palmer, M.V. 2024. Single-plex brightfield detection of CD3e, IBA-1, Pax5, Ki-67, and pan-cytokeratin type I/II in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tonsil tissues of pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer . Protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.14egn9zrpl5d/v1.

In situ staining with antibodies cross-reactive in pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer facilitates understanding of biological tissue status and immunopathology - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wiarda, J.E., Zanella, E.L., Shircliff, A.L., Cassmann, E.D., Loving, C.L., Devries, A.C., Palmer, M.V. 2024. In situ staining with antibodies cross-reactive in pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer facilitates understanding of biological tissue status and immunopathology. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110865.

Porcine astrovirus 4 as a cause of tracheitis and bronchitis in pigs - (Abstract Only)

Comparative pathogenesis of a Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to a contemporary L1C variant from the United States - (Abstract Only)
Devries, A.C., Arruda, B.L., Zanella, E., Hansen, L., Wiarda, J.E. 2025. Comparative pathogenesis of a Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to a contemporary L1C variant from the United States. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Annual Meeting. https://doi.org/10.54846/am2025/102.

PEDV infection alters gene expression in all cell types of porcine jejunal peyer's patches: a single-cell study - (Abstract Only)

Transcriptome analysis in air–liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cell cultures reveals that the betacoronavirus porcine encephalomyelitis hemagglutinating virus induces a robust interferon response to infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sarlo Davila, K.M., Nelli, R.K., Mora-Diaz, J., Sang, Y., Miller, L.C., Gimenez-Lirola, L.G. 2024. Transcriptome analysis in air–liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cell cultures reveals that the betacoronavirus porcine encephalomyelitis hemagglutinating virus induces a robust interferon response to infection. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060939.

Evaluating control measures for Senecavirus A in the marketing chain - (Abstract Only)

Experimental Senecavirus A infection of bovine cell lines and colostrum-deprived calves - (Abstract Only)

Experimental seneca valley virus infection in sows and their offspring - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, H., Buckley, A.C., Guo, B., Kulshreshtha, V., Van Geelen, A., Montiel, N., Lager, K.M., Yoon, K. 2024. Experimental seneca valley virus infection in sows and their offspring. Veterinary Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109958.

Validation of a live-virus PRRSV vaccine candidate for efficient attenuation and better protection - (Abstract Only)

Genomic regions associated with pseudorabies virus infection status in naturally infected feral swine (Sus scrofa) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bowden, C.F., Kiser, J.N., Miller, R.S., Buckley, A.C., Boggiatto, P.M., Giglio, R.M., Brown, V.R., Garrick, D., Neibergs, H.L., Piaggio, A.J., Speidel, S.E., Smyser, T.J. 2023. Genomic regions associated with pseudorabies virus infection status in naturally infected feral swine (Sus scrofa). Frontiers in Genetics. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1292671.

Failure to experimentally infect 10-day-old piglets with a cell culture-propagated infectious stock of a classical genotype 1a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Dynamics of infection of atypical porcine pestivirus in commercial pigs from birth to market: a longitudinal study - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Buckley, A.C., Mora-Diaz, J., Magtoto, R., Van Hulzen, A., Ferreyra, F., Falkenberg, S., Gimenez-Lirola, L., Arruda, B.L. 2023. Dynamics of infection of atypical porcine pestivirus in commercial pigs from birth to market: a longitudinal study. Viruses. 15(8):1767. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081767.

Experimental challenge of a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in American mink - (Abstract Only)

3Cpro of FMDV inhibits type II interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wu, X., Chen, L., Siu, C., Hu, Y., Jiang, D., Li, D., Miller, L.C., Li, J., Cong, X., Lee, C., Du, Y. 2023. 3Cpro of FMDV inhibits type II interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation. Virologica Sinica. 38(3):387-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2023.03.003.

Longitudinal study of atypical porcine pestivirus infection dynamics in pigs from birth to market reveals persistent infection in piglets with congenital tremors - (Proceedings)
Devries, A.C., Mora-Diaz, J., Van Hulzen, A., Matias Ferreyra, F., Falkenberg, S., Gimenez-Lirola, L., Arruda, B.L. 2023. Longitudinal study of atypical porcine pestivirus infection dynamics in pigs from birth to market reveals persistent infection in piglets with congenital tremors. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Annual Meeting. AASV 2023 Proceedings, March 4-7, 2023, Aurora, Colorado.

Transcriptomic analysis of 3D air-liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells culture infected with the betacoronavirus porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus - (Abstract Only)
Sarlo Davila, K.M., Nelli, R.K., Mora-Diaz, J., Sang, Y., Miller, L.C., Gimenez-Lirola, L.G. 2023. Transcriptomic analysis of 3D air-liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells culture infected with the betacoronavirus porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. Annual International Plant & Animal Genome Conference. https://doi.org/plan.core-apps.com/pag_2023/speaker/7d686e5d4c7cd9f48449347cbcec1acf.

Experimental Senecavirus A infection of bovine cell lines and colostrum-deprived calves - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Devries, A.C., Crawford, L., Hoffman, K., Falkenberg, S. 2022. Experimental Senecavirus A infection of bovine cell lines and colostrum-deprived calves. Viruses. 14(12):Article 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122809.

Transcriptomic analysis of 3D air-liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells culture infected with the betacoronavirus PHEV - (Abstract Only)
Sarlo Davila, K.M., Nelli, R., Mora-Diaz, J., Sang, Y., Miller, L.C., Gimenez-Lirola, L. 2022. Transcriptomic analysis of 3D air-liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells culture infected with the betacoronavirus PHEV. Swine Disease Conference Proceedings. NAPRRS-NC229 Proceedings.

Comparative transcriptomics reveals small RNA composition and differential microRNA responses underlying interferon-mediated antiviral regulation in porcine alveolar macrophages - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Li, J., Sang, E.R., Adeyemi, O., Miller, L.C., Sang, Y. 2022. Comparative transcriptomics reveals small RNA composition and differential microRNA responses underlying interferon-mediated antiviral regulation in porcine alveolar macrophages. Epigenetics. 13. Article 1016268. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016268.

Experimental intravenous, intratracheal, and intranasal inoculation of swine with SARS-CoV-2 - (Proceedings)
Devries, A.C., Falkenberg, S.M., Martins, M., Palmer, M.V., Lager, K.M., Diel, D. 2022. Experimental intravenous, intratracheal, and intranasal inoculation of swine with SARS-CoV-2. Pig Veterinary Society International Congress Proceedings. Pg.6825 Abstract 473030. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081506.

Evaluation of one versus two doses of an inactivated Senecavirus A vaccine in weaned pigs - (Proceedings)
Devries, A.C., Hoffman, K., Lager, K.M. 2022. Evaluation of one versus two doses of an inactivated Senecavirus A vaccine in weaned pigs. Pig Veterinary Society International Congress Proceedings. IPVS 2022 Proceedings.

Characterization of Senecavirus A isolates collected from the environment of U.S. sow slaughter plants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hoffman, K., Humphrey, N., Korslund, J., Anderson, T.K., Faaberg, K., Lager, K.M., Devries, A.C. 2022. Characterization of Senecavirus A isolates collected from the environment of U.S. sow slaughter plants. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 9. Article 923878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.923878.

Infectious dose of Senecavirus A in market weight and neonatal pigs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Devries, A.C., Lager, K.M. 2022. Infectious dose of Senecavirus A in market weight and neonatal pigs. PLoS ONE. 17(4). Article e0267145. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267145.

Efficacy of an inactivated Senecavirus A vaccine in weaned pigs and mature sows - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Devries, A.C., Lager, K.M. 2022. Efficacy of an inactivated Senecavirus A vaccine in weaned pigs and mature sows. Vaccine. 40(12):1747-1754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.018.

Host response in the porcine thymus to PRRSV 2 and Influenza B coinfection - (Abstract Only)
Sarlo Davila, K.M., Sang, Y., Ma, W., Miller, L.C. 2022. Host response in the porcine thymus to PRRSV 2 and Influenza B coinfection. Plant and Animal Genome Conference. CRWAD Conference Proceedings.

Senecavirus A in the environment of sow slaughter plants - (Abstract Only)
Hoffman, K., Humphrey, N., Korslund, J., Faaberg, K.S., Lager, K.M., Devries, A.C. 2022. Senecavirus A in the environment of sow slaughter plants. Conference Research Workers Disease Meeting. 2022 Jun 22;9:923878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.923878.

Evaluation of one versus two doses of an inactivated Seneca Valley virus vaccine in weaned pigs - (Abstract Only)
Hoffman, K., Lager, K.M., Devries, A.C. 2022. Evaluation of one versus two doses of an inactivated Seneca Valley virus vaccine in weaned pigs. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Annual Meeting. 2022 Mar 15;40(12):1747-1754. https://doi.org/10.54846/am2022/114.