Technical Abstract: The heat shock proteins (HSPs) that are abundantly expressed in insects are important modulators of insect survival. Expression of HSP genes in insects is not only developmentally regulated, but also induced by various stressors in order to confer protection against such stressors. The expression of different HSP genes are induced and modulated in insects in response to environmental stresses including abiotic stresses, such as heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, chemical pesticides, as well as biotic stresses, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and other insects. HSPs are named according to their molecular weight, and are expressed at various levels in insects to moderate different levels because their essential roles in protein are different.