Technical Abstract: Our objective was to examine the association between dietary patterns (DP) and risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS); and to identify differences in DP by socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle factors. Dietary intake (from an FFQ), anthropometric/biochemical parameters and sociodemographic/lifestyle information (from a self-reported questionnaire)were evaluated, using a cross-sectional design. Statistical methods included principal component factor analysis, analysis of covariance and linear regression. All analyses were covariate-adjusted. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1995–1996)was evaluated. The subjects included young adults (19–39 years; n 995; 61% females/39% males; 80% whites/20% blacks), from a semi-rural southern US community were examined. Our results showed, that the 'Western Dietary Pattern' (WDP) consisted of refined grains, French fries, high-fat dairy foods, cheese dishes, red meats, processed meats, eggs, snacks, sweets/desserts, sweetened beverages, and condiments. The 'Prudent Dietary Pattern' (PDP) consisted of whole grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, 100% fruit juices, low-fat dairy products, poultry, clear soups, and low-fat salad dressings. The DP explained 31% of the dietary intake variance. Waist circumference (P greater than 0.02), triceps skinfold (P equal to 0.01), plasma insulin (P equal 0.03), serum TAG (P equal 0.05), and the occurrence of MetS (P equal 0.03) were all inversely associated with PDP. Insulin sensitivity (P less than 0.0005) was positively associated with PDP. Serum HDL cholesterol (P equals 0.05) was inversely associated with WDP. Blacks consumed more servings from WDP than whites (P equals 0.02). Females consumed more servings from PDP than males (P equals 0.002). Those with greater than 12 years of education consumed more servings from PDP than their counterparts (P less than 0.0001). Current smokers consumed more servings from WDP than current non-smokers did(P less than 0.0001). Physically very active young adults consumed fewer servings from WDP than their sedentary counterparts (P equal 0.02). We concluded that more studies are warranted to confirm these findings in other populations.