Technical Abstract: Chalkbrood is an invasive mycosis in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) produced by Ascosphaera apis fungus. Although fatal to individual larvae, the disease does not usually destroy an entire bee colony. However, it can cause significant losses in terms of both bee numbers and colony productivity. Chalkbrood is now found in honey bee colonies around the world, and there are some indications that the incidence of chalkbrood has increased in recent years. We consolidate recent scientific findings focusing on the pathogen’s biology, disease symptoms and management tactics. We have also included the most commonly used research methods to assist beekeepers and bee scientists entering this area of research. Detailed micrographs and illustrations should help to familiarize our readers with culture morphology, A. apis mode of reproduction, and host pathogenesis. For more advanced knowledge of this disease we direct readers to our recent literature overview (Aronstein and Murray, 2010) that includes the latest genomic and molecular information.