Technical Abstract: Moisture, total oil and protein content of peanuts are important factors in peanut grading. A method that could rapidly and nondestructively measure these parameters for in-shell peanuts would be extremely useful. NIR reflectance spectroscopy was used to analyze the moisture, total oil and protein content of Virginia type in-shell peanuts. NIR absorbance spectra were collected in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 2500 nm using a Foss NIR instrument. Average values of moisture and total oil contents of all samples were determined by standard air-oven and Soxtec methods, respectively. Protein was measured using Leco Nitrogen analyser. Partial Least Squares analysis was done to develop empirical models for prediction. The best model was selected based on the coefficient of determination (R2), Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and the ratio of SEP to standard deviation (RPD) values.