Technical Abstract: Invasive weed species are an ever-increasing problem on most areas of wildlands (rangelands and forested lands that are not intensively managed). Relatively expensive mechanical or chemical treatments can be used to deal with point infestations. However, once infestations have become extensive, both cost and environmental concerns limit management options. This paper suggests that plant competition and soil nutrient levels must be considered in the development of weed management strategies on wildlands. Several specific examples are used to suggest how ecological principles might be applied to weed management.