Technical Abstract: Response to selection is fundamental to plant breeding. To gain insight into the genetic basis of response to selection, we propose a new experimental genetic framework to simultaneously map loci controlling specific traits associated with population improvement and characterize the allele frequency response at those loci. This is achieved by employing a sampling scheme for recurrently selected populations that allows for the simultaneous application of association mapping and analysis of allele frequency change across generations of selection. The combined method combines advantages of the two approaches, permitting detection of rare favorable alleles by their significant enrichment over selection cycles and also the estimation of allelic phenotypic effects by association analysis. Our aim is to develop a framework for the analysis of quantitative traits applicable to many crop species in order to gain a broader and deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of response to artificial selection.