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Software

Cotton Production Model

ARS

A new process-based cotton model, CPM, has been developed to simulate the growth and development of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) throughout the growing season with minimal data input. CPM predicts final cotton yield for any combination of soil, weather, cultivar and sequence of management actions.

A Baseflow Filter for Hydrologic Models in R

Gerald Whittaker

A Baseflow Filter for Hydrologic Models in R

ForageNon-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II

Gerald Whittaker

Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) in R

Snowmelt Runoff Model for Windows (WinSRM)

Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory

The Snowmelt-Runoff Model (WinSRM) is designed to simulate and forecast daily streamflow in mountain basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor. Most recently, it has also been applied to evaluate the effect of cl

Small Watershed Hydrology (WinTR-55)

Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory

WinTR-55 is a single-event rainfall-runoff small watershed hydrologic model. The model generates hydrographs from both urban and agricultural areas and at selected points along the stream system. Hydrographs are routed downstream through channels and/or reservoirs. Multiple sub-areas can be modeled within the watershed.

Sail ( Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves)

Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory

The SAIL model (Verhoef and Bunnik, 1981) is a widely used model that describes light interaction in vegetation canopies. This model is based on very idealized canopy architectural features and transport formulas that assume the plant stand is horizontally homogeneous and laterally infinite. WinSail is adapted from a DOS version of Sail developed by Dr. Moon Kim, USDA, Agricultural Research Service. WinSail

Nearest Neighbor Soil Water Retention Estimator

Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory

The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) technique is a non-parametric technique that can be used to make predictions of discrete (class-type) as well as continuous variables. The k-NN technique and many of its derivatives belong to the group of .lazy learning algorithms.. It is .lazy., as it passively stores the development data set until the time of application; all calculations are performed only when estimations need to be generated.

AROP

Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory

AROP (v2.2.6) is an automated precise registration and orthorectification package for Landsat and Landsat-like data processing. The Landsat and Landsat-like satellite images acquired from different sensors at different spatial resolutions and projections can be re-projected, co-registered, and orthorectified to the same projection, geographic extent, and spatial resolution using a common base image. The software has been tested in Linux system on various medium resolution data sources. AROP w

IFSM Model

University Park, Pennsylvania

The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) is a process-based simulation of dairy, beef, and crop farming systems. This farm model provides a tool for evaluating the long term performance, economics, and environmental impacts of production systems over many years of weather. Environmental impacts include volatile nitrogen losses, nitrate loss to ground water, erosion, soluble and sediment phosphorus losses to surface water, and greenhouse gas emmisions.

DairyGHG

University Park, Pennsylvania

The Dairy Greenhouse Gas Model (DairyGHG) is an easy to use software tool that estimates total greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint of a dairy production system. A relatively simple process-based simulation is used to track net flows of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions through the production and use of feeds and the handling of manure. A carbon footprint is then calculated, which includes both primary and secondary emissions. Primary emissions occur during product

DairyGEM

University Park, Pennsylvania

The Dairy Gas Emissions Model (DairyGEM) is an expansion of the DairyGHG software tool described above. This new tool predicts ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions along with greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint of dairy production systems. A process-based simulation is used to predict ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions as influenced by climate and farm management. Net carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions are also estimated using process simulation or proc

2011 Malus (Apple) Catalog

Plant Genetic Resources

2011 - 2012 National Germplasm Repository Apple (Malus) Catalog for the Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, NY.

2011 Grape (Vitis) Catalog

Plant Genetic Resources

2011 - 2012 National Germplasm Repository Grape (Vitis) Catalog for the Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, NY.

2011 Tart Cherry (Prunus) Catalog

Plant Genetic Resources

2011 - 2012 National Germplasm Repository Tart Cherry (Prunus) Catalog for the Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, NY.

Emerald Ash Borer Rearing SOP

Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE

Welcome to the document download area. Please contact us if you have problems or questions.

Asian longhorned beetle EndNote Library

Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE

Welcome to Asian Longhorned Beetle Products and Research site.

Software - PowerPoint Identification Quizzes

Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Beaver, WV

Software - PowerPoint Identification Quizzes

PMP 7.0

Microbial Food Safety Research Unit

Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP) The PMP is a package of models that can be used to predict the growth and inactivation of foodborne bacteria, primarily pathogens, under various environmental conditions. These predictions are specific to certain bacterial strains and environments (e.g., culture media or food) that were used to generate the models.

DepositScan

Application Technology Research Unit

DepositScan is a scanning program that can quickly evaluate spray deposit distribution on water sensitive paper or Kromekote® cards.

DRIFTSIM

Application Technology Research Unit

DRIFTSIM is a user-friendly computer program capable of predicting drift distances of spray droplets under a wide variety of conditions.

Virtual Grower En Espanol

Application Technology Research Unit

Virtual Grower es un instrumento de apoyo de decisión para los cultivadores del invernadero. Los usuarios pueden construir un invernadero, predicen costes de la calefacción y mucho más.

Virtual Grower en Français

Application Technology Research Unit

Virtual producteur est un outil d'aide à la décision pour les producteurs à effet de serre. Les utilisateurs peuvent créer un effet de serre, de prédire les coûts de chauffage et bien plus encore.

Virtual Grower 3

Application Technology Research Unit

Note: Save files are not compatible between Virtual Grower 3 and previous versions. Virtual Grower is a decision support tool for greenhouse growers. Users can build a greenhouse with a variety of materials for roofs and sidewalls, design the greenhouse style, schedule temperature set points throughout the year, and predict heating costs and plant growth for over 785 sites within the US. Different heating and scheduling scenarios can

Yield Editor Version 1.02 (Stable Version)

Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research

Yield Editor is a tool which allows the user to select, apply and analyze a variety of automated filters and editing techniques used to process and clean yield data. The software imports either AgLeader advanced or Greenstar text file formats, and exports data in a delimited ASCII format.

Management Zone Analyst Version 1.0 Software

Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research

Management Zone Analyst (MZA) is a decision-aid for creating within-field management zones based on quantitative field information. It mathematically breaks up a field into natural clusters or zones based on the classification parameters and number of zones you specify.

Yield Editor 2.0.2 (BETA)

Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research

Yield Editor v. 2.0.2 (BETA) is a tool which allows the user to select, apply and analyze a variety of automated filters and editing techniques used to process and clean yield data. The software imports either AgLeader advanced or Greenstar text file formats, and exports data in a delimited ASCII format.

CALMIM

Soil and Water Management Research

The California Landfill Methane Inventory Model is a 1-dimensional soil gas transport and oxidation model that calculates annual landfill methane emissions based on the cover soil characteristics and annual climatic data for a given global location.

SolarCalc 1.0

Morris, Minnesota

SolarCalc is a computer model to estimate hourly incoming solar radiation from limited meteorological data.

SeedChaser – Version 2.0

Morris, Minnesota

SeedChaser is a 1-D empirical vertical soil tillage distribution model with 1 cm grid spacing that predicts vertical redistribution of weed seeds following user selected (a) sequences of tillage implements, and (b) initial seed distribution values. Results of this model are particularly suited for weed seed emergence modeling. However, the model can be adapted easily to any surface broadcasted agrochemical or incorporated residues. T

Nitrogen Decision Aid

Morris, Minnesota

The Nitrogen Decision Aid is a computerized program that predicts the amount of N mineralized from planting to side-dress or 5-leaf growth-stage. By applying just enough N-fertilizer to reach the critical soil nitrate concentration it is possible reduce this waste. This model is designed for Northern climates that will have some frost in the soil during the winter.

WeedCast Version 4

Morris, Minnesota

The WeedCast Software Suite is a decision aid that currently includes the WeedCast and WheatScout models. These models were created by the USDA ARS and the University of Wisconsin. The software is written in Java and is free to download and use. The source code is released under the GPL.

Zip Search – Version 0.9

Morris, Minnesota

The purpose of this tool is to estimate latitude and longitude from a user inputted zip code. This tool has been useful in collecting latitude and longitude data for users within the US that may not have known their corresponding latitude and longitude information.

SolarCalQ - Version 1

Morris, Minnesota

The purpose of the SolarCalQ Version 1 JAVA model is to simulate the spectral quality of incident solar radiation for any location on the globe, down to one minute time steps.

Global TempSIM - Version 1.0

Morris, Minnesota

The purpose of Global TempSIM is to estimate daily maximum and minimum air temperatures for a yearly cycle at any location on the globe. Global TempSIM predicts the daily average air temperature based upon 30-yr (1961 – 1990) temperature records that were compiled and interpolated by Legates and Willmott (1990a and 1990b) with further improvements by Willmott and Matsuura (1995).

Soil Temperature and Moisture Model

Morris, Minnesota

The STM2 model predicts the soil temperature and moisture conditions based on very limited user inputs.

Global RainSIM - Version 1.0

Morris, Minnesota

The purpose of this tool is to estimate daily precipitation patterns for a yearly cycle at any location on the globe. The user input is simply the latitude and longitude of the selected location. There is an embedded Zip

APLE

U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center

APLE is a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet model that runs on an annual time step and simulates sediment bound and dissolved P loss in surface runoff. It is intended to simulate edge-of-field P loss for uniform fields of several hectares in size, or smaller. APLE considers different kinds of animal manure (beef, dairy, poultry, swine), applied either by machine or by grazing beef or dairy cattle, and highly soluble commercial fertilizers.

BRIO - UPDATE

Pacific West Area

BRIO/FDW FILES

CATS

Pacific West Area

CATS files

TN327025PLUS

Pacific West Area

TN327025Plus upgrade.

CHAIN2D

US Salinity Laboratory

Simulates the movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in two dimensional variably-saturated porous media

CXTFIT

US Salinity Laboratory

Estimates parameters in several equilibrium and non-equilibrium transport models from laboratory or field tracer experiments

3DADE

US Salinity Laboratory

Evaluates analytical solutions for two- and three-dimensional solute transport

ESAP

US Salinity Laboratory

Statistical software package for estimating field scale spatial salinity patterns from electromagnetic induction signal data (for Windows XP)

GEOPACK

US Salinity Laboratory

Geostatistical software package for analyzing spatially correlated data

HYDRUS

US Salinity Laboratory

Simulates water, heat, and solute movement in one-dimensional variably-saturated porous medium

HYDRUS-1D

US Salinity Laboratory

Simulates water, heat, and (nonlinear and non-equilibrium) solute movement in one-dimensional variably-saturated porous medium

N3DADE

US Salinity Laboratory

Evaluates analytical solutions for two- and three-dimensional non-equilibrium solute transport

RETC

US Salinity Laboratory

Analyzes the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils

STANMOD

US Salinity Laboratory

Computer Software for Evaluating Solute Transport in Porous Media Using Analytical Solutions of the Convection-Dispersion Equation

SWMS-2D

US Salinity Laboratory

Simulates water and solute movement in two-dimensional variably saturated media

SWMS-3D

US Salinity Laboratory

Simulates water and solute movement in three-dimensional variably saturated media

UNSATCHEM

US Salinity Laboratory

Simulates water, heat, carbon dioxide and solute movement in one-dimensional variably saturated media

UNSODA

US Salinity Laboratory

Database and program for indirect methods of estimating unsaturated hydraulic properties

WATSUIT

US Salinity Laboratory

Predicts the salinity, sodicity, and toxic-solute concentration

ROSETTA

US Salinity Laboratory

Estimates water retention, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from basic soil data

FilmPC

US Salinity Laboratory

Estimates the film permeability (i.e., mass transfer coefficient) from the analysis of permeability cell concentration data

Bio-Control Parasite

Honey Bee Research

Redapol

Honey Bee Research

Varroa Pop

Honey Bee Research

BK-Economics

Honey Bee Research

Resampling Validation of Sampling Plans (RVSP)

Pest Management and Biocontrol Research

RVSP is a software package that enables users to validate multiple arthropod sampling plans through resampling of actual independent data sets. Plans include Kuno's and Green's numerical sequential sampling plans, Wald's sequential probability ratio test for binomial sampling plans and Fixed-sample-size binomial sampling.

WinSRFR 3.1

Water Management and Conservation Research

WinSRFR 3.1 is the third major release of WinSRFR. New features include: Physical Design and Operations Analysis procedures based on volume balance solutions tuned with zero-inertia simulation results & simulation engine improvements.

AgroAtlas

Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing

The Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries (AGROATLAS) is the world’s most comprehensive source of information on the geographic distribution of plant-based agriculture in Russia and neighboring countries. The Atlas contains 1500 maps that illustrate the distribution of 100 crops, 560 wild crop relatives, 640 diseases, pests and weeds, and 200 environmental parameters. <SPAN

A Baseflow Filter for Hydrologic Models in R

Forage Seed and Cereal Research

A Baseflow Filter for Hydrologic Models in R Gerald Whittaker National Forage Seed Res. Center, USDA-ARS, Corv

Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II

Forage Seed and Cereal Research

Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) in R Gerald Whittaker

PIVNOZ-PIPELOSS

NWISRL, Kimberly, Idaho

This software aids in the design and analysis of center pivot and traveling lateral sprinkler irrigation systems. The programs can be used individually or in conjunction with each other.

SWAGMAN-Whatif

NWISRL, Kimberly, Idaho

Effectively managing salt affected irrigated lands and judicially using irrigation water of marginal salinity quality requires understanding the interactions among many inputs. They include soil salinity, crop salt tolerances, soil physical properties, irrigation water quality, irrigation management, water table depth and quality, climatic factors and crop yield. Visualizing the simultaneous interactions among this many factors over a cropping season extends beyond the capacity of the

Nitrogen Index Tool - N Index 4.4

Soil Plant Nutrient Research (SPNR)

The Nitrogen Index is a tool written in the programming language Java that is used to calculate nitrogen uptake and leaching in farming techniques.

NLEAP GIS 4.2 with NTT

Soil Plant Nutrient Research (SPNR)

This advanced tool can be used to identify best management practices that can increase nitrogen use efficiency while reducing nitrogen losses and helping to conserve the environment. The tool can also be used to estimate the potential reduction (or “savings”) in nitrogen losses that may be obtained from adopting these practices, savings that can potentially be traded in air and water quality markets.

WeedSite

Water Management Research

Software for learning about the benefits of site-specific weed management compared to a uniform herbicide application. No GIS software is needed. The benefits are predicted from weed maps drawn by the user.

WISDEM

Water Management Research

WISDEM simulates the variation in multi-species weed populations over time in response to crop rotation, tillage system, and specific weed management tactics and the consequent crop yield loss due to weed competition. Population dynamics of individual weed species are predicted from a limited number of parameters that can be derived from literature sources and expert opinion.

GPFARM

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

GPFARM is a simulation model computer application. It incorporates state of the art knowledge in agronomy, animal science, economics, weed science and risk management into a user-friendly, decision support tool. Producers, agricultural consultants, action agencies and scientists can utilize GPFARM to test alternative management strategies that may in turn lead to sustainable agriculture, a reduction in pollution, or maximum economic return.

RZWQM2

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) simulates major physical, chemical, and biological processes in an agricultural crop production system. RZWQM is a one-dimensional (vertical in the soil profile) process-based model that simulates the growth of the plant and the movement of water, nutrients and agro-chemicals over, within and below the crop root zone of a unit area of an agricultural cropping system under a range of common management practices.

SHOOTGRO

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

SHOOTGRO emphasizes the development and growth of the shoot apex of small-grain cereals such as winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). To better incorporate the variability typical in the field, up to six cohorts, or age classes, of plants are followed using a daily time step.

PhenologyMMS

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

PhenologyMMS is a simulation model that outlines and quantifies the developmental sequence of different crops under varying levels of water deficits, provides developmental information relevant to each crop, and is intended to be used either independently or inserted into existing crop growth models.

HIRO2

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

HIRO2 (Hortonian Infiltration and Run-Off/On) is a spatially distributed rainfall-runoff model for event-based studies of space-time watershed processes. A grid-based routing hierarchy was defined over the watershed using the D-infinity contributing area algorithm. Computation of ponding time was included to handle variable run-on and rainfall intensity.

IFEAT

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

iFEAT (iFARM Economic Analysis Tool) is a spreadsheet based tool developed to allow the user to assess current and potential management options for economic sustainability. The user can evaluate lease arrangements, input costs, government programs, and insurance options to arrive at the best economic combination of these variables.

SPUR2

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

SPUR2 DOS ver. 2.2 is a general grassland ecosystem simulation model designed to determine beef cattle performance and production by simultaneously simulating production of up to 15 plant species on 36 heterogeneous grassland sites. SPUR2 simulates grassland hydrology, nitrogen cycling, and soil organic matter on grazed ecosystems as well as rangeland production under different climatic regimes, environmental conditions, and management alternatives.

iFarm Record Keeper

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

PAL

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

Profit and Loss (PAL) Farm Budgeting Economic Software for Colorado Agriculture is a windows desktop software for analyzing farm operations budgets. The software was developed in cooperation with Colorado State University.

SMART

Agricultural Systems Research Unit

Screening and Multivariate Analysis for Risk and Tradeoffs (SMART) is both a web-based and MS Excel spreadsheet tool that uses the Certainty Equivalent (CE) concept for ranking risky alternatives. CE is a utility-based measure defined as the expected value of an input variable minus the risk premium (the amount of monetary value a decision maker is willing to pay in order to avoid risk).

SamplePoint Measurement Software 1.53

Cheyenne, WY / Ft Collins, CO (RRRU)

SamplePoint is a manual image-analysis program designed to facilitate vegetation cover measurements from nadir digital images of any scale.

SGA Pro

Stored Product Insect Research Unit

SGA Pro was designed for use in commercial elevators as part of the Areawide IPM Project for stored grain. Grain samples are taken with a vacuum probe and processed over an inclined sieve. SGA Pro analyzes the insect data, grain temperatures and moistures, and determines which bins need to be fumigated.

SGA (farm)

Stored Product Insect Research Unit

Stored Grain Advisor (SGA) is a decision support system for managing insect pests of farm-stored wheat. The program predicts the likelihood of insect infestation, and recommends appropriate preventative actions . It also provides advice on how to sample and identify insect pests of stored whea

DECI, Decision Evaluator for the Cattle Industry

U.S. Meat Animal Research Center

DECI represents decision support software (DSS) created for the beef industry. (Windows only)

Video Presentation by Dave Archer

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by Jon Hanson

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by John Hendrickson

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by Scott Kronberg

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by Don Tanaka

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by Mark Liebig

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by Kris Nichols

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by Eric Scholljegerdes

Mandan, North Dakota

Video Presentation by Rebecca Phillips

Mandan, North Dakota

Cover Crop Chart

Mandan, North Dakota

The Cover Crop Chart is designed to assist producers with decisions on the use of cover crops.

Crop Sequence Calculator Version 3.0

Mandan, North Dakota

The Crop Sequence Calculator software is an interactive program for viewing crop sequencing information and calculating returns. To run the program, select the executable file, cropcalc.exe.

AgroEcosystem Performance Assessment Tool

Mandan, North Dakota

The AgroEcosystem Performance Assessment Tool is a computer program used to evaluate the agronomic and environmental performance of management practices in long-term agroecosystem experiments. The program employs a simple scoring method to quantify the performance of management practices using indicators grouped within agroecosystem functions.

LOX Calculator for Fasted Channel Catfish

Aquaculture Systems Research Unit

A review of scientific literature concerning channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus respiration resulted in the development of an interactive computer model for estimating the volume of oxygen consumed by a given fasted channel catfish biomass. Entry of ten variables provides estimates of oxygen gas consumption with respect to time and biomass, the liquid oxygen equivalent of that volume, liquid oxygen expense, and the ratio of liquid oxygen expense to gross revenue for a s

Downloading Files

Delta Obesity Prevention Research Unit

Catfish BAC Fingerprinting

Catfish Genetics Research

UPIC

Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit

Rice Data

Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit

SNP Data (12 chromosomes) MY2 SSRs MY2 Traits

BMC Genomics P. Pachyrhizi Supplemental Data

Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit

Mixed Linear Model Approaches for Quantitative Gen

Genetics and Precision Agriculture Research

Wu, J., Zhu, J., Jenkins, J. N. Mixed linear model approaches for quantitave genetic models. pp. 171-180. In Handbook of Formulas and Sortware for Plant Geneticists and Breeders, M. S. Kang (ed.). The Haworth Press, Binghamtion, NY. 2003.

Gas Flux from Band Application

National Soil Dynamics Laboratory

Gas Flux from Band Application (GF-Band) is an MS Excel spreadsheet tool that calculates the effective gas flux from soil of a multiple-band area to which manure or fertilizer has been applied in bands. One spreadsheet is for circular gas flux chambers and another is for rectangular chambers.

Formula Calculator

Formosan Subterranean Termite Research

A program written in visual basic for calculations in mass spectrometry. The program will calculate the possible formulas for a given molecular weight. The formulas are calculated based on known chemical connectivities and not from random atom combinations. Because of this, all generated formulas will be actual compounds.

Sorption Isotherm Spreadsheet

Bowling Green, Kentucky

Sorption Isotherm Spreadsheet Version 1.5

Modified Langmuir Equation Spreadsheet

Bowling Green, Kentucky

Modified Langmuir Equation Spreadsheet

PECMAN Software

National Peanut Research Lab

Peanut Curing Manager (PECMAN) is a decision support system that assists drying facility managers with inventory control. It schedules sampling and removal times, estimates time remaining on dryer and current moisture content. Cooperators have reported reduced drying costs and improved peanut quality.

IrrigatorPro for Peanuts

National Peanut Research Lab

Irrigator Pro is an expert system designed to provide irrigation scheduling recommendations based on over 25 years of scientific data resulting in conservation minded irrigation management. Irrigator Pro for Peanuts was the original model developed. This computerized expert system is designed to manage peanut irrigation and pest management decisions.

Irrigator Pro for Corn

National Peanut Research Lab

Irrigator Pro is an expert system designed to provide irrigation scheduling recommendations based on scientific data resulting in conservation minded irrigation management. The success of Irrigator Pro for Peanuts created interest in other groups. A collaborative effort between the NPRL, Cotton Commission, University of Georgia, and the Peanut Foundation was established to create comparable models for cotton and corn.

Irrigator Pro for Cotton

National Peanut Research Lab

Irrigator Pro is an expert system designed to provide irrigation scheduling recommendations based on scientific data resulting in conservation minded irrigation management. The success of Irrigator Pro for Peanuts created interest in other groups. A collaborative effort between the NPRL, Cotton Commission, University of Georgia, and the Peanut Foundation was established to create comparable models for cotton and corn.

ARS-Media

Horticulture and Breeding Research

ARS-Media utilizes a linear programming optimization algorithm to determine the combination of salts, acids, and bases that satisfies any given target solution of ions allowing researchers to construct experimental designs that use ions as individual factors and, hence, experimentally determine ion-specific effects on biological responses.

Last Modified: 01/30/2012

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