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ARS Home » Northeast Area » Beltsville, Maryland (BHNRC) » Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center » Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #315637
Title: Comparison of Metabolic Profiles of Three Varieties of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Author
item K.M., MARIAJOHM - Us Forest Service (FS)
item Luthria, Devanand - Dave

Submitted to: Journal of Food Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 8/18/2014
Publication Date: 3/6/2015
Citation: K.M.,M., Luthria, D.L. 2015. Comparison of Metabolic Profiles of Three Varieties of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 80:1-12.

Interpretive Summary: Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are commonly found food in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. This legume serves as important nutritive source to humans due to the high protein (15-30%), carbohydrate (60-70%), and lipid (1 to 2%) content. Beans and their products are considered to meet 10-20% of the recommended daily intake of certain nutrients for adults. Recently, the per capita consumption of dry beans among the American population has increased due to immigration of people from Latin America, Eastern, and South Africa, and many Asian countries. In this study, we compared the amino acid (11), organic acid (3) and sugar (9) profiles of three different varieties of dry beans (black bean (BB), dark red bean (DRB), and cranberry bean (CB)). The efficiency of the two commonly used extraction solvents (water and methanol:chloroform:water (2.5:1:1, v/v/v/)) for cultivar differentiation based on their metabolic profile was also investigated. In addition, we attempted to determine if the concentration and profiles of the primary metabolites influence the variation in the observed secondary phenolic metabolites as reported in the published literature. This publication will be of significant interest to bean producers and processors.

Technical Abstract: In this study, we compared the amino acid (11), organic acid (3) and sugar (9) profiles of three different varieties of dry beans (black bean (BB), dark red bean (DRB), and cranberry bean (CB)). The efficiency of the two commonly used extraction solvents (water and methanol:chloroform:water (2.5:1:1, v/v/v/)) for cultivar differentiation based on their metabolic profile was also investigated. The results showed that the BB contained the highest concentration of amino acids followed by DRB and CB samples. Phenylalanine, a precursor for the biosynthesis of phenolic secondary metabolites was detected at low concentration in CB samples and correlated with the reduced anthocyanins content in CB extract as documented in the published literature. Comparing the extractability of two extraction solvents, methanol:chloroform:water (2.5:1:1, v/v/v/) showed higher recoveries of amino acids from three beans, whereas, sugars were extracted in higher concentration with water. Analytically, gas chromatography (GC) detected sugars, amino acids, and organic acids in a single run after derivatization of the extracts. In comparison, ion chromatography (IC) detected only sugars in a single run without any derivatization step with the tested procedure. Bean samples are better differentiated by the sugar content extracted with water as compared to the aqueous organic solvent extracts using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).