Potential effects of chlorogenic acids on platelet activiation

Authors: Park, Jae

Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/23/2014
Publication Date: 11/3/2014
Publication URL: http://ISBN: 979-0-12-409517-5
Citation: Park, J.B. 2014. Potential effects of chlorogenic acids on platelet activiation. In: Preedy, V.R., editor. Coffee in Health and Disease. Academic Press. Amersterdam, Boston, New York. Book Chapter. p709-715.

Interpretive Summary: Coffee is a most popular drink consumed around world. Coffee plants belonging to the Rubiaceae family consist of several species such as Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica, Coffea excelsa, and Coffea stenophylla. Among them, Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee) are two most commercially important coffee species. Chlorogenic acids (CHAs) are naturally occurring phenolic acid esters abundantly found in coffee. They are reported to have potential health effects on several chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this book chapter, potential effects of CHAs on CVD-related platelet activation are reviewed via closely examining its chemical properties, absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability as well as its potential effects on ROS, COX enzymes and P-selectin expression. Main aim of this review is to provide researchers in nutrition, molecular biology, and medicinal fields scientific information about potential effects of CHAs on platelet activation and its related events.

Technical Abstract: Coffee (Coffea sp) is a most consumed beverage world-wide. Chlorogenic acids (CHAs) are naturally occurring phenolic acid esters abundantly found in coffee. They are reported to have potential health effects on several chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Atherosclerosis is a well-known cardiovascular disease characterized with plaque formation and chronic vascular wall inflammation due to dyslipidemia and its associated inflammatory reactions. Enlarged plaques eventually lead to the rupture of plaques, leading to cardiovascular repairing events including platelet activation. Although the activation is a necessary procedure, the hyper-activation of platelets aggravates several progressed CVD such as atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, angina, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemic cerebral stroke. Coffee drinking has been reported to be positively correlated with reduced risk factors for CVD. In the coffee, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid are three major CHAs with good antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, in this chapter, potential effects of CHAs on platelet activation related to CVD are reviewed via closely examining its chemical properties, absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability as well as its potential effects on ROS, COX enzymes and P-selectin expression. The data in this review suggest that the CHAs may suppress platelet hyper-activation via quenching ROS, and inhibiting COX enzymes and P-selectin expression. However, the data are still limited particularly in humans, necessitating more future studies.