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Title: Evaluation of the phytosanitary status of the prunus species in the national clonal germplasm repository in california; survey of viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas

Author
item OSMAN, F. - University Of California
item RWAHNIH, M. AL - University Of California
item GOLINO, D. - University Of California
item PITMAN, T. - University Of California
item CORDERO, F. - University Of California
item Preece, John
item ROWHANI, A. - University Of California

Submitted to: Journal of Plant Pathology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/24/2012
Publication Date: 7/1/2012
Citation: Osman, F., Rwahnih, M., Golino, D., Pitman, T., Cordero, F., Preece, J.E., Rowhani, A. 2012. Evaluation of the phytosanitary status of the prunus species in the national clonal germplasm repository in california; survey of viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas. Journal of Plant Pathology. 94(1):249-253.

Interpretive Summary: The USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NGCR) at the University of California, Davis is recognized as one of the richest sources of prunus species material in the U.S. The repository maintains more than 1600 Prunus accessions representing 96 taxa4 species collected from around the world. However, the phytosanitary status of the NCGR Prunus collection has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, a comprehensive testing of a small part of the collection for virus and virus-like diseases affecting Prunus trees has been completed. Two factors were considered for selecting the trees; the country of origin and the observation of suspicious disease symptoms. A total of 221 trees representing 185 different cultivars of Cherry, Almond, Peach, Apricot and Plum were sampled. Conventional RT-PCR (RT-PCR) detection was used to test for 13 different viruses, two viroids and phytoplasma. The pathogens included in the survey were Prunus necrotic rinspot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV), American plum line pattern virus (APLPV), Cherry virus A (CVA), Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV) Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 (LChV1, LChV2), Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Phytoplasma. Though the majority of these trees were asymptomatic, all tested pathogens were detected except for ToRSV and CRLV. Among the viruses detected were a few that which have never been reported in California such as ACLSV and LChV2. Incidence of PNRSV in tested trees was the highest (55 trees) followed by the two viroids, PLMVd and HSVd, with 33 and 32 infected trees, respectively. The incidence for the rest of the pathogens ranged between 19-0 trees. The infection rate of all tested samples ranged between 0.5% to 24.9%.

Technical Abstract: The USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NGCR) at the University of California, Davis is recognized as one of the richest sources of prunus species material in the U.S. The repository maintains more than 1600 Prunus accessions representing 96 taxa4 species collected from around the world. However, the phytosanitary status of the NCGR Prunus collection has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, a comprehensive testing of a small part of the collection for virus and virus-like diseases affecting Prunus trees has been completed. Two factors were considered for selecting the trees; the country of origin and the observation of suspicious disease symptoms. A total of 221 trees representing 185 different cultivars of Cherry, Almond, Peach, Apricot and Plum were sampled. Conventional RT-PCR (RT-PCR) detection was used to test for 13 different viruses, two viroids and phytoplasma. The pathogens included in the survey were Prunus necrotic rinspot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV), American plum line pattern virus (APLPV), Cherry virus A (CVA), Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV) Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 (LChV1, LChV2), Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Phytoplasma. Though the majority of these trees were asymptomatic, all tested pathogens were detected except for ToRSV and CRLV. Among the viruses detected were a few that which have never been reported in California such as ACLSV and LChV2. Incidence of PNRSV in tested trees was the highest (55 trees) followed by the two viroids, PLMVd and HSVd, with 33 and 32 infected trees, respectively. The incidence for the rest of the pathogens ranged between 19-0 trees. The infection rate of all tested samples ranged between 0.5% to 24.9%.