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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Parlier, California » San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center » Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #274621
Title: Breeding Pierce’s Disease resistant table and raisin grapes and the development of markers for additional sources of resistance

Author
item Ramming, David
item WALKER, ANDREW - University Of California
item Lin, Hong

Submitted to: CDFA Pierce's Disease Control Program Research Symposium
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/15/2011
Publication Date: 11/8/2011
Citation: Ramming, D.W., Walker, A.M., Lin, H. 2011. Breeding Pierce’s Disease resistant table and raisin grapes and the development of markers for additional sources of resistance. CDFA Pierce's Disease Control Program Research Symposium. p.186-192.

Interpretive Summary: Although Pierce’s disease (PD) has existed in California since the late 1800s, the introduction of the glassy-winged sharpshooter to California in the late 1990’s significantly increased the incidence of PD. A collaborative breeding program was started in 2000 to develop PD resistant table and raisin grapes with high fruit quality comparable to that existing in markets today. Sixth generation (BC5) crosses to produce quality table and raisin grapes with V. arizonica source of PD resistance were made for the first time this year. These families will have high fruit quality as they consist of 98.5% V. vinifera. An example of increased fruit quality is the selection for propagation of three natural dry-on-the-vine (DOV) raisin, seven tray dry raisin, and four table grape selections made from BC3 families in 2010 plus eight raisin and six table grape selections made from BC4 families in 2011. These selections show some commercial potential. Crosses to combine PM and PD resistance were also made. The use of molecular markers to select for PD resistance and greenhouse screening to select for powdery mildew (PM) resistance allows selection of these two types of resistance before planting seedlings to the field. Two table and five raisin grapes with PD and PM resistance were selected and propagated in first stage production trials. PD resistance of over 185 parents and selections from V. arizonica populations have been verified in greenhouse tests to insure the molecular markers used to select for PD resistance continue to function properly. Two hundred and seven seedlings of the BD5-117 mapping family, which has PD resistance different than V. arizonica, have been greenhouse tested. A preliminary rough molecular map based on 70 SSR primers and 155 seedlings indicates a major QTL for PD resistance on linkage group 2. This means that selected molecular markers from linkage group 2 might be useful as markers to select resistance from BD5-117 source of resistance. This collaborative research between USDA/ARS, Parlier and University of California, Davis has the unique opportunity to develop high quality PD resistant table and raisin grape cultivars for the California grape industry where PD could restrict the use of conventional table and raisin grape cultivars.

Technical Abstract: The first BC5 V. arizonica crosses (98.5% V. vinifera) were made in 2011. A total of 29 seedless x seedless crosses to develop BC3, BC4, and BC5 V. arizonica x V. vinifera families were made. The crosses consisted of 61,611 emasculations and produced 5,430 ovules and 877 (16.2%) embryos for PD resistance. An example of increased fruit quality is the selection for propagation in first stage production trials of three natural dry-on-the-vine (DOV) and seven tray dry raisin, and four table grape selections made from BC3 families in 2010 plus eight raisin and six table grape selections made from BC4 families in 2011. A total of 18 crosses to combine PM and PD resistance were made and consisted of 40,179 emasculations, 3,571 ovules and 651 embryos. The use of molecular markers to select for PD resistance and greenhouse screening to select for powdery mildew (PM) resistance allows selection of these two types of resistance before planting to the field. Two table and five raisin grapes were selected and propagated in first stage production trials from 31 PD and PM resistant seedlings. PD resistance of over 185 parents and selections from V. arizonica populations have been verified in greenhouse tests to insure resistance continues to co-segregate with markers. Two hundred and seven seedlings of the BD5-117 mapping family, with PD resistance different than V. arizonica, have been greenhouse tested. A preliminary rough molecular map based on 70 SSR primers and 155 seedlings indicates a major QTL for PD resistance on linkage group 2.