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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Burns, Oregon » Range and Meadow Forage Management Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #263614

Title: Saving the sagebrush sea: An ecosystem conservation plan for big sagebrush plant communities

Author
item Davies, Kirk
item Boyd, Chad
item BECK, JEFFREY - University Of Wyoming
item Bates, Jonathan - Jon
item Svejcar, Anthony
item GREGG, MICHAEL - Us Fish And Wildlife Service

Submitted to: Biological Conservation
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/13/2011
Publication Date: 11/1/2011
Citation: Davies, K.W., Boyd, C.S., Beck, J.L., Bates, J.D., Svejcar, A.J., Gregg, M.A. 2011. Saving the sagebrush sea: An ecosystem conservation plan for big sagebrush plant communities. Biological Conservation. 144:2573-2584.

Interpretive Summary: Sagebrush plant communities are declining at an alarming rate because of tree encroachment, exotic annual grass invasion, and human development. This paper synthesizes existing knowledge to help direct management and research to reverse this decline. Higher elevation sagebrush communities encroached by trees can often be restored; however, land managers are constrained by limited resources. Restoration of exotic annual grass-invaded lower elevation sagebrush communities often fails, thus additional research is needed to improve the probability of successful restoration in these communities. Human development also needs to be reduced to protect sagebrush communities and this can be accomplished though conservation easements or other incentives for conservation. A coordinated strategy which focuses on applying successful conservation practices and conducting research to overcome limitations to conservation is most likely to be successful.

Technical Abstract: Vegetation change and anthropogenic development are altering ecosystems and decreasing biodiversity. Successful management of ecosystems threatened by multiple stressors requires development of ecosystem conservation plans rather than single species plans. We selected the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystem to demonstrate this approach. The area occupied by the sagebrush ecosystem is declining and becoming increasingly fragmented at an alarming rate because of conifer encroachment, exotic annual grass invasion, and anthropogenic development. This is causing range-wide declines and localized extirpations of sagebrush associated fauna and flora. To develop an ecosystem conservation plan, a synthesis of existing knowledge is needed to prioritize and direct management and research. Based on the synthesis, we concluded that efforts to restore higher elevation conifer-encroached, sagebrush communities were frequently successful, while restoration of exotic annual grass-invaded, lower elevation, sagebrush communities often failed. Overcoming exotic annual grass invasion is challenging and needs additional research to improve the probability of restoration and identify areas where successful would be more probable. Management of fire regimes will be paramount to conserving sagebrush communities, as infrequent fires facilitate conifer encroachment and too frequent fires promote exotic annual grasses. Anthropogenic development needs to be mitigated and reduced to protect sagebrush communities and this probably includes more conservation easements and other incentives to landowners to not develop their properties. Threats to the sustainability of sagebrush ecosystem are daunting, but a coordinated ecosystem conservation plan that focuses on applying successful practices and research to overcome limitations to conservation is most likely to yield success.