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Title: THE STIPITATE SPECIES OF HYPOCREA (HYPOCREALES, HYPOCREACEAE) INCLUDING PODOSTROMA

Author
item CHAMBERLAIN, HOLLY - PENN STATE UNIV
item STEWART, ELWIN - PENN STATE UNIV
item Rossman, Amy
item ULVINEN, TAUNO - OULU, FINLAND
item Samuels, Gary

Submitted to: Trade Journal Publication
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/20/2004
Publication Date: 12/3/2004
Citation: Chamberlain, H.L., Rossman, A.Y., Stewart, E.L., Ulvinen, T., and Samuels, G.J. 2004. The stipitate species of Hypocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) including Podostroma. Karstenia. 44:1-24.

Interpretive Summary: Fungi in the genus Hypocrea, often as the green mold state called Trichoderma, are useful in the biological control of plant diseases. Development of effective biological methods to control diseases using these fungi is hindered by lack of accurate knowledge about the differences between these fungi. In this research species of Hypocrea that have an elongated or stalked fruiting body are accurately defined. Several of these species have a green mold state that belongs in Trichoderma. In this paper each species of stalked Hypocrea is described in detail with illustrations of what the fungus looks like in nature and in culture. Based on this research it is possible to accurately identify species of stalked Hypocrea and their Trichoderma green mold state. This research will be used by plant pathologists to locate additional living isolates of these fungi in order to test them and develop effective biological ways to control of plant diseases.

Technical Abstract: Stipitate species of Hypocrea have traditionally been segregated as the genus Podostroma. The type species of Podostroma is P. leucopus for which P. alutaceum has been considered an earlier synonym. Study of the type and existing specimens suggest that these two taxa can be distinguished based on morphology and biology. Podostroma leucopus is recognized as Hypocrea leucopus, thus Podostroma is considered a synonym of Hypocrea. The genus Podocrea, long considered a synonym of Podostroma, is based on Sphaeria alutacea, a species that is herein recognized as H. alutacea. A neotype is designated for Sphaeria alutacea. Both H. leucopus and H. alutacea are redescribed and illustrated. The new species H. nybergiana T. Ulvinen & H. Chamb. sp. nov. is described and illustrated, and six species of Podostroma are transferred to Hypocrea, viz. H. africana (Boedijn) H. Chamb. comb. nov., H. daisenense (Yoshim. Doi) H. Chamb. comb. nov., H. eperuae, comb. nov., H. truncatum (Imai) H. Chamb .comb. nov. and H. sumatranum (Boedijn) H. Chamb. comb. nov. A key to the 17 species of Hypocrea included in Podostroma and/or Podocrea is presented.