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ARS Home » Plains Area » College Station, Texas » Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center » Crop Germplasm Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #158264
Title: MOLECULAR MAPPING OF THE COTTON GENOME AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO COTTON IMPROVEMENT

Author
item Yu, John
item PARK, YONG-HA - USDA-ARS CROP GERMPLASM
item Lazo, Gerard
item WOLFF, NICHOLAS - USDA-ARS CROP GERMPLASM
item Kohel, Russell

Submitted to: National Cotton Council Beltwide Cotton Conference
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/19/1995
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: YU, J., PARK, Y., LAZO, G.R., WOLFF, N.C., KOHEL, R.J. MOLECULAR MAPPING OF THE COTTON GENOME AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO COTTON IMPROVEMENT. PROCEEDINGS OF BELTWIDE COTTON CONFERENCES. 1996. V. 1. ABSTRACT P. 636.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: The recent application of DNA marker technology offers a valuable tool for revealing the genetic basis of both simple and complex traits in crop plants. In agriculture, it brings extraordinary promise for streamlining many plant breeding efforts, particularly for introgression of valuable genes from exotic germplasm and breeding for traits affected by many quantitative trait loci (QTLs). DNA markers in cotton create unprecedented opportunities for improving competitiveness of U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.) production, by accelerating breeding progress and targeting genetic changes. We are currently identifying DNA markers that are linked to fiber strength and other important traits (Glandless, Photoperiod sensitivity, immature fiber, and Ligon lintless-2) in cotton. To determine the location of QTLs for the fiber strength and other fiber quality properties, we use F2 progeny from an interspecific cross between two commercially important cottons, Gossypium hirsutum acc. TM-1 and G. barbadense acc. 3-79. We have produced 152 F2 plants for which we have detailed morphological data, individual plant fiber samples, and screening for RAPD and RFLP markers. Recombinant inbred (RI) lines of the above cross are being developed for the verification of putative QTLs. To map other monogenic traits, F2 segregants from other crosses are made available for Glandless (TM-1 X ESP; ESP X 3-79); Photoperiod sensitivity (TM-1 X Lengupa; T-586 X Lengupa); immature fiber (TM-1 X imim); and Ligon lintless-2 (TM-1 X Li2Li2). We analyzed the fiber strength mapping population by use of naturally polymorphic morphological mutants: Petal spot, Pollen color, Leaf shape, and Lint color in four different linkage groups. We found that their segregation in the F2 did not deviate significantly from normal Mendelian expectations. Fiber samples large enough for analysis of bundle fiber strength and single fiber strength were obtained for 152 F2 segregants. The variation of bundle fiber strength in the parents (TM-1 X 3-79) and F2 had a normal distribution. From three years of replicated field tests at College Station, the fiber properties are: for strength 20.2 vs. 30.2 cN/tex, for length 1.10 vs. 1.34 inches, and for fineness 4.47 vs. 3.20 Micronaire units for TM-1 vs. 3-79, respectively. F2 fiber strength values ranged from 17 to 34.6 cN/tex. Therefore, they are directly applicable for mapping of agronomic traits such as the unique high quality fiber characteristics of 3-79 and the high productivity and wide adaptability of TM-1. We have surveyed RFLPs for 7 mapping parents (TM-1, 3-79, T-586, ESP, HS-427-10, PD-6992, and Lengupa) with a core set of mapped probes from A. H. Paterson. 3-79 and Lengupa are G. hirsutum cottons. Over 90% of probes show polymorphism between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense with at least one of four restriction enzymes: EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, and XbaI. Polymorphism within G. hirsutum ranges from 38% to 44%. A majority of the mapped probes detect a single copy of polymorphism within G. hirsutum offers an opportunity to transfer and monitor the gene from an interspecific cross to an intraspecific cross. As ESP is a BC6 product of Bahtim 110 (a donor of Glandless gene) to TM-1 X ESP could be putatively positive markers linked to the Glandless gene. We have completed the optimization of the RAPD-PCR reaction for each of 200 RAPD primers, 10-mer. An anchor set of RAPD fragments has been developed from screening cotton aneuploids. A subset of 40 F2 plants, based on a range of fiber strength, were selected, and screened with 234 DNA fragments from 85 primers. Larger RAPD experiments on 152 F2 plants for fiber strength are underway by use of the primers giving polymorphic fragments. Polymorphic RFLP markers based on the parental survey were used to probe respective F2 blots. Segregation of DNA f