Author
 |
Heird, William |
|
Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter Publication Acceptance Date: 6/18/1998 Publication Date: N/A Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Protein-energy malnutrition is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Although it is rare in developed countries, it occurs in some infants and children with certain underlying medical problems such as cystic fibrosis and congenital heart disease. Protein-energy malnutrition includes two distinct syndromes: marasmus and kwashiorkor, as well as a mix xof both syndromes. Marasmus concerns chronic undernutrition, involving a deficiency of both protein and energy; it results in growth failure and emaciation. Kwashiorkor is characterized by signs of protein deficiency such as edema, and growth failure. Patients with cystic fibrosis have deteriorating pulmonary and pancreatic function, adversely affecting both nutrient intake and nutrient absorption. Malnutrition also is common among infants with congenital heart disease; often there is insufficient intake. Infants with gastrointestinal disorders also may suffer from malnutrition, usually due to loss of nutrients from diarrhea or vomiting. Parenteral nutrition is very helpful in infants born with surgically correctable lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. The nutrients, delivered by vein, include most of the essential amino acids and varying amounts of nonessential amino acids. The authors describe the appropriate management of all such cases. |
