Author
WANG, Z - UNIV OF ARKANSAS | |
Goetsch, Arthur | |
PARK, K - UNIV OF ARKANSAS | |
PATIL, A - UNIV OF ARKANSAS | |
KOUAKOU, B - UNIV OF ARKANSAS | |
GALLOWAY SR, D - UNIV OF ARKANSAS | |
ROSSI, J - UNIV OF ARKANSAS |
Submitted to: Journal of Applied Animal Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 5/6/1996 Publication Date: N/A Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Typically, only limited amounts of feedstuffs high in condensed tannins can be consumed by ruminants because of protein binding and precipitation that interfere with digestion and/or impair palatability. Broiler litter is abundant and relatively inexpensive in many parts of the world. Frequently, broiler litter is processed for feeding to ruminants by a method known as deep-stacking. Exposing feedstuffs containing condensed tannins to conditions in a broiler litter deep-stack (i.e., moist alkaline conditions and ammonia) might deactivate condensed tannins. Therefore, objectives were to determine effects on nutrient composition and recovery of addition of different sources and levels of condensed tannins by thorough mixing with or covering of broiler litter before deep-stacking for 3 or 9 weeks. Subjection to broiler litter deep-stack conditions drastically reduced recovery of assayable condensed tannins regardless of source. The decrease in condensed tannin recovery with increasing level of addition indicates that capacity for change was not exceeded. However, it appeared that condensed tannin loss increased with increasing length of deep-stacking, and the influence of method of condensed tannin addition differed among sources (quebracho, vegetable extract; peanut skins; bird-resistant sorghum grain). In conclusion, there appears considerable potential to decrease assayable condensed tannin concentration in feedstuffs by addition to broiler litter before deep-stacking. Technical Abstract: Different sources and levels of condensed tannins were thoroughly mixed with (M) or covered (C) broiler litter in plastic vessels fitted with a dacron top. Containers were placed in a deep-stack for 3 or 9 wk to determine effects on constituent concentrations, recoveries and in situ ruminal disappearances. Condensed tannin recovery for quebracho vegetable extract (VE) [120, 113, 105, 98, 63, 27, 18, 12 and 10% for M, and 125, 118, 107, 84, 59, 37, 23, 20 and 23% for C at 3 wk (SE 2.8); 87, 74, 66, 61, 44, 22, 16, 9 and 11% at 9 wk (SE 3.3) with 0, 0.04, 0.09, 0.17, 0.35, 1.3, 2.6, 5.1 and 10.3% VE, respectively], peanut skins (PS) [139, 29, 18, 14 and 20% for M, and 126, 37, 27, 25 and 46% for C at 3 wk (SE 4.9); 52, 21, 12, 9 and 6% for M, and 91, 23, 14, 10 and 17% for C at 9 wk (SE 4.9) with 0, 3.6, 7.1, 14.2 and 28.4% PS, respectively] and bird-resistrant sorghum grain (BS) [135, 99, 109, 75 and 50% at 3 wk, and 97, 88, 88, 68 and 48% at 9 wk (SE 5.1) with 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% BS, respectively] generally was less for 9 vs 3 wk of deep-stacking and decreased with increasing level of condensed tannin source. Addition of condensed tannin sources did not markedly alter concentrations of nitrogen fractions, recoveries of organic matter or nitrogen or in situ dry matter or nitrogen disappearances. In conclusion, addition of condensed tannin sources to broiler litter before deep-stacking decreased recovery of assayable condensed tannins, with effects varying with level and method of addition. |