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Title: SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF ACETYLXYLAN ESTERASE FROM SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE: MODE OF ACTION ON ACETYLATED CARBOHYDRATES

Author
item BIELY, PETER - SLOVAK ACAD OF SCI
item Cote, Gregory
item KREMNICKY, LUBOMIR - SLOVAK ACAD OF SCI
item Weisleder, David
item Greene, Richard

Submitted to: European Journal of Biochemistry
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/1/1996
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: There is a need for mild, specific methods in creating sugar derivatives for use in medicine and specialty chemicals. Certain commercially available enzymes are useful for making some types of derivatives. However, most of the work has dealt with the use of enzymes that normally act on fats and proteins rather than on carbohydrates. Taking advantage of a newly described class of enzymes that act specifically on carbohydrates, we have described their action on certain carbohydrate derivatives. We found they act differently from previously used enzymes, and present chemists with a new tool in the arsenal of methods for creating carbohydrate-based materials. This work will benefit chemists working on medically useful carbohydrate analogs, as well as, specialty chemicals such as detergents. It will also help us understand the manner in which plant materials are broken down in nature, since the enzymes are involved in the breakdown of agricultural residues and wood pulp.

Technical Abstract: Substrate specificity of a purified acetylxylan esterase from Schizophyllum commune was investigated on a variety of methyl per-O-acetyl glucopyranosides, methyl di-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosides and acetylated acetylated polysaccharides. The enzyme preferentially deacetylated the 3-position of methyl 2,3,4,-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and 2,3,4,6- -tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Removal of the 3-acetyl group from the xylopyranoside was accompanied by a slower deactylation at positions 2 and 4. A similarly slower, accompanying deactylation occurred primarily at position 2 with the glucopyranoside. Such specificity corresponds well to the expected function of the esterase in acetylxylan degradation. Of the three possible diacetates of methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside, the 3,4- diacetate was found to be the most rapidly deactylated. Unexpectedly, products of its deacetylation were a mixture of 2- and 4-monoacetate. The formation of the methyl 2-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside involved an enzyme-mediated acetyl group transfer because the rate of the enzyme- catalyzed reaction exceeded the rate of spontaneous migration of acetyl groups. This is the likely mechanism for acetyl removal from position 2 in the native substrate. The enzyme exhibited the highest regioselectivity with methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside. An 80% conversion of this substrate to methyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-beta-D- mannopyranoside, a new mannose derivative, was achieved. The esterase was also active on soluble acetylated polysaccharides other than acetylxylan, but it did not show appreciable activity on insoluble acetylated poly- saccharides.