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Research Project: Viral Ecology of Henipaviruses in Endemic Settings and Intervention Strategies to Prevent their Spread to Domestic Animals

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Title: Single-dose mucosal replicon-particle vaccine protects against lethal nipah virus infection up to 3 days after vaccination

Author
item DAVIES, KATHERINE - Oak Ridge Institute For Science And Education (ORISE)
item SPENGLER, JESSICA - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item GENZER, SARAH - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item COLEMAN-MCCRAY, JOANN - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item HARMON, JESSICA - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item SORVILLO, TERESA - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item SCHOLTE, FLORINE - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item RODRIGUEZ, SERGIO - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item O'NEAL, T. JUSTIN - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item RITTER, JANA - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item FICARRA, GEORGIA - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item KAINULAINEN, MARKUS - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item KARAASLAN, ELIF - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item WELCH, STEPHEN - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item BERGERON, ERIC - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item GOLDSMITH, CYNTHIA - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item LO, MICHAEL - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item NICHOL, STUART - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item MONTGOMERY, JOEL - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States
item SPIROPOULOU, CHRISTINA - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United States

Submitted to: Science Advances
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/5/2023
Publication Date: 8/4/2023
Citation: Davies, K.A., Spengler, J.R., Genzer, S.C., Coleman-Mccray, J.D., Harmon, J.R., Sorvillo, T.E., Scholte, F.E., Rodriguez, S.E., O'Neal, T., Ritter, J.M., Ficarra, G., Kainulainen, M.H., Karaaslan, E., Welch, S.R., Bergeron, E., Goldsmith, C.S., Lo, M.K., Nichol, S.T., Montgomery, J.M., Spiropoulou, C. 2023. Single-dose mucosal replicon-particle vaccine protects against lethal nipah virus infection up to 3 days after vaccination. Science Advances. 9(31). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh4057.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh4057

Interpretive Summary: This paper explores the utility of a vaccine to nipah virus. The paper shows that there were no adverse events from the vaccine and that benefits from the vaccine could still be shown when given as little as 3 days before infection with the virus. Currently, there are no approved vaccine for nipah virus and this paper provides a potential vaccine that could be further investigated.

Technical Abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. No vaccines against NiV have been approved to date. Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking the fusion (F) protein gene (NiV'F) as a vaccine in three small animal models of disease. A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes with demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting multiple viral antigens. Single-dose intranasal vaccination up to 3 days before challenge prevented clinical signs and reduced virus levels in hamsters and immunocompromised mice; decreases were seen in tissues and mucosal secretions, critically decreasing potential for virus transmission. This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease.