1H-NMR based chemometric analysis of Echinacea species to predict effectors of myeloid progenitor stimulation

Authors: NAGUMALLIA, SURESH - University Of Louisiana At Monroe; SALLEYA, JOSHUA - University Of Louisiana At Monroe; Carstens, Jeffrey

Submitted to: Analytica 2000
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/10/2024
Publication Date: 1/13/2024
Citation: Nagumallia, S.K., Salleya, J.T., Carstens, J.D. 2024. 1H-NMR-based chemometric analysis of Echinacea species to predict effectors of myeloid progenitor stimulation. Analytica. 5(1):28-53. https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica5010003.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica5010003

Interpretive Summary: Echinacea extracts were identified that contributed to the stimulation of myelopoiesis in laboratory experiments.

Technical Abstract: Echinacea, a herbaceous, perennial flowering plant from the Compositae (Asteraceae) family, exhibits stimulating effects on myeloid progenitors (CFU-GMs) in rat bone marrow, as demonstrated in our previous study using a 75% (v v-1) ethanol extract of aerial parts. Expanding on this work, we have investigated 11 different Echinacea samples, belonging to three species, for their myeloid progenitor stimulating activity. Simultaneously, we employed 1H-NMR spectroscopy (400 MHz, 0.00-10.00 ppm) and chemometric analysis to predict constituents responsible for activity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received oral doses of ethanol extracts (0-200 mg extract dry weight kg-1 body weight) of Echinacea for seven days. Bone marrow cells were then cultured with CFU-GM growth factors. Extracts showing a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in CFU-GM, compared to the control, were considered active. Significant CFU-GM increases were observed in rats treated with seven Echinacea samples, ranging from 39% to 91% higher than the control, while four samples were inactive. All five Echinacea purpurea samples showed myeloid progenitor stimulating activity, while one sample each of Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea pallida also exhibited the same activity. By applying orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to the 1H-NMR spectra, we identified specific spectral bins (0.70-1.98 ppm aliphatic and 6.38-7.76 ppm aromatic) correlating with myelopoiesis stimulation. These findings highlight the potential of chemometric analysis using 1H-NMR spectroscopy to infer the chemical classes that could be responsible for the bioactive properties of complex herbal mixtures like Echinacea.