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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Ames, Iowa » National Animal Disease Center » Virus and Prion Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #385715
Research Project: Intervention Strategies to Control Endemic and New and Emerging Viral Diseases of Swine

Location: Virus and Prion Research

Title: Family Arteriviridae

Author
item BRINTON, MARGO - Georgia State University
item GULYAEVA, ANASTASIA - Leiden University Medical Center
item BALASURIYA, UDENI - Louisiana State University
item DUNOWSKA, MAGDA - Massey University
item Faaberg, Kay
item GOLDBERG, TONY - University Of Wisconsin
item LEUNG, FREDERICK - University Of Hong Kong
item NAUWYNCK, HANS - Ghent University
item SNIJDER, ERIC - Leiden University Medical Center
item STADEJEK, TOMASZ - Warsaw University Of Life Sciences
item GORBALENYA, ALEXANDER - Leiden University Medical Center

Submitted to: Journal of General Virology
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/18/2021
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus belongs to a diverse family of RNA viruses called Arteriviridae. This chapter summarizes the taxonomic properties of the 23 arteriviruses that have been identified to date. Arteriviruses are spherical, pleomorphic enveloped viruses and contain a linear, positive sense RNA genome of 12.7 to 15.7 kilobases. They infect vertebrates and can produce disease or be asymptomatic. Some arteriviruses are important veterinary pathogens while others infect rodents, marsupials, or non-human primates. The identified genome domains are uniquely conserved in the order Nidovirales and enabled a common framework for the taxonomies of the Arteriviridae and other nidovirus families. A new non-Latinised binomial nomenclature was adopted for most species that uses names of Greek alphabet letters as part of the genera names.

Technical Abstract: This Chapter summarizes diverse biological and genetic characteristics of arteriviruses in the context of the family taxonomy, which includes six subfamilies, 13 genera, 11 subgenera, and 23 species, as of July 2021. The few experimentally characterized members of the family Arteriviridae are viruses with spherical, pleomorphic, enveloped virions that have a median diameter of about 50 to 74 nm and contain a linear, positive-sense RNA, multi-cistron genome of approximately 12.7 to 15.7 kb. Infection of vertebrate hosts is vector-independent and can be asymptomatic or produce overt disease. Some arteriviruses are important veterinary pathogens while others infect particular species of wild rodents or African non-human primates and may be characterized only by genome sequencing. The most divergent member found to date infects a marsupial. The taxa at the four hierarchical ranks of the family are monophyletic clusters that were demarcated with DEmARC software by analysis of evolutionary distances separating five replicative protein domains, 3CLpro, NiRAN, RdRp, ZBD and HEL1. These domains are uniquely conserved in the order Nidovirales and enabled a common framework for the taxonomies of the Arteriviridae and other nidovirus families. Compared to the prior 9th Report, a new non-Latinised binomial nomenclature was adopted for most species that uses names of Greek alphabet letters as part of the genera names.