In vivo effects of coffee containing javamide-I/-II on body weight, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1

Authors: Park, Jae

Submitted to: Current Developments in Nutrition
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/23/2021
Publication Date: 11/30/2021
Citation: Park, J.B. 2021. In vivo effects of coffee containing javamide-I/-II on body weight, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1. Current Developments in Nutrition. 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab145.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab145

Interpretive Summary: This study provides coffee industries and drinkers new information about in vivo effects of coffee products containing javamide-I/-II on metabolic and other obesity-related factors. Coffee is one of the popular drinks, but often blamed for raising some key metabolic factors (e.g., cholesterols, bodyweight) in people including non-obese people. In fact, coffee products in the market contain different compositions of coffee compounds (e.g., caffeine, chlorogenic acids, javamide-I/-II). However, there is currently no information about the effect of coffee products containing javamide-I/-II (CCJ12) on key metabolic factors (LDL, HDL, total cholesterols, triglycerides, bodyweight) and obesity-related adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) in non-obese people. Therefore, in this study, the potential effects of CCJ12 on these factors were investigated with obesity-related inflammatory/ cardiovascular risk factors (TNF-alpha, MCP-1, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin) using a rat model fed a normal diet. The data showed that there was no significant difference in the body weight between the groups. Additionally, the two groups did not show significant difference in plasma LDL, HDL, total cholesterol adiponectin and leptin levels. Furthermore, the two groups did not show any significant difference in the plasma levels of obesity-related inflammatory/cardiovascular risk factors (TNF-alpha, MCP-1, C-reactive protein and sE-selectin). Based on the data of this study, the consumption of coffee products containing javamide-I/-II in the market may not lead to significant changes of bodyweight, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, C-reactive protein, and sE-selectin levels under a normal diet.

Technical Abstract: Globally, the increasing transition from a non-obese group to an obese group is a major driver for growing obesity. Therefore, it seems a rational approach to prevent rising obesity in the non-obese population. Coffee is a popular drink worldwide, but often blamed for raising some metabolic factors (e.g., bodyweight, cholesterols) even in non-obese people. Interestingly, recent studies showed that coffee products containing javamide-I/-II are commonly found in the market. However, there is no information about the effect of coffee containing javamide-I/-II (CCJ12) on bodyweight, LDL, HDL, total cholesterols, triglycerides and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) in non-obese people. Therefore, the effects of CCJ12 on these factors were investigated with other obesity-related inflammatory/cardiovascular risk factors (C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, TNF-alpha, MCP-1) in vivo. For this study, rats were divided into two groups; the 1st group with drinking water (NCG; n=10) and the 2nd group with drinking water containing CCJ12 (CG; n=10); and fed a normal diet for 20-weeks. During the study, there was no significant difference in the water/food consumption between the NCG and CG groups. Also, no significant difference was found in the body weights between the groups either. Additionally, the two groups did not show any significant difference in plasma LDL, HDL and total cholesterol levels. Furthermore, adiponectin and leptin levels were not significantly different between the groups. Likewise, the two groups did not show any significant difference in plasma levels of C-reactive protein and sE-selectin. Interestingly, javamide-I/-II did not inhibit TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in human PBMCs, so the effect of CCJ12 on the cytokines was also investigated in the rats. As expected, no significant difference was found between the groups. All of these data suggest that CCJ12 may not have significant effects on bodyweight, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in the rats fed a normal diet.