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Research Project: Intervention Strategies to Support the Global Control and Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)

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Title: Use of IFN-based biotherapeutics to harness the host against foot-and-mouth disease

Author
item MEDINA, GISSELLE - University Of Kansas
item De Los Santos, Teresa
item Diaz San Segundo, Fayna

Submitted to: Frontiers in Microbiology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/24/2020
Publication Date: 8/11/2020
Citation: Medina, G., De Los Santos, T.B., Diaz San Segundo, F.C. 2020. Use of IFN-based biotherapeutics to harness the host against foot-and-mouth disease. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00465.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00465

Interpretive Summary: Here we review the use of interferon as a biotherapeutic to control foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication in cultured cells and in livestock species. We also review the different mechanisms by which FMDV counteracts the animal immune response.

Technical Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most economically important viral disease of livestock species. Recurrent outbreaks highlight the existing challenges in disease control making the World aware of the need of control and prevent it. Current methods that mitigate FMD include strict diagnostics, sanitary policies and preventive use of an inactivated FMDV vaccine formulated with adjuvants. While these strategies have been effective in eliminating FMDV from a vast area on Earth, a number concerns remain: the disease spreads very rapidly, vaccine induced- protection takes about 7 days, and vaccine production requires high containment expensive manufacturing facilities and a completely effective virus inactivation process. As such, demand for new fast acting antiviral strategies is imperative. Development of antivirals/biotherapeutics to control FMD are usually based on scientific studies that highlight FMDV’s ability to employ multiple countermeasures against the host immune response. In this review we summarize the strategies evolved by FMDV to antagonize the host antiviral responses and the progress that has been made over the years in developing interferon-based biotherapeutics to control the disease in relevant susceptible species.