Toxicity of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Sm. essential oil to the Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Authors: REHMAN, JUNAID - University Of Mississippi; WANG, MEI - University Of Mississippi; YANG, YUPEI - Hunan University Of Chinese Medicine; LIU, YONGBEI - Hunan University Of Chinese Medicine; LI, BIN - Hunan University Of Chinese Medicine; QIN, YAN - Hunan University Of Chinese Medicine; WANG, WEI - Hunan University Of Chinese Medicine; CHITTIBOYINA, AMAR - University Of Mississippi; KHAN, IKHLAS - University Of Mississippi

Submitted to: Journal of Insect Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/20/2019
Publication Date: 6/7/2019
Publication URL: https://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/6487968
Citation: Rehman, J.U., Wang, M., Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, B., Qin, Y., Wang, W., Chittiboyina, A.G., Khan, I.A. 2019. Toxicity of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Sm. essential oil to the Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Journal of Insect Science. 10(162):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10060162.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10060162

Interpretive Summary: Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C.Smith is an evergreen climber widely throughout southwest mainland China. Its extract is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various disease, like cancer and dermatosis and as an anodyne to relieve pain while leaves are used to treat eczema. We extracted its essential oil for pesticide activity against the bed bug ‘Cimex lectularius’. In first experiment, the 1 µl droplet containing 100µg of essential oil was delivered applied on the body of the bed bug. It killed 61.9% (Bayonne' the insecticide resistant strain) and 66.7% (Ft. Dix, the susceptible strain) bed bug 24 hr after treatment. Based on this activity, the essential oil was analyzed with GC/MS and we looked for the major compound in the oil. Four major compounds, viz, ß-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, a-humulene and ß-pinene were studied and subjected to topical (direct applied on the body of bed bug, figure), residual (filter paper treated with compound and bed bug were released on it, figure) and fumigation bioassays (bed bugs exposed to vapors of the compounds in a sealed glass jar, while compound does not come in contact with the bed bug directly). Among four compounds, only ß-caryophyllene induced high toxicity in both the strains when applied topically at 100 µg/bed bug while compounds in vapor form and residual form were not toxic to bed bug.

Technical Abstract: Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C. Smith is an evergreen climber with woody stem and widely distributed throughout southwest mainland China. Extracts of this plant is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various disease, like cancer and dermatosis and as an anodyne to relieve pain while leaves are used to treat eczema. The toxicity of essential oil from its stem (EOKC) was studied against two strains of bed bug ‘Cimex lectularius’ (Bayonne and Ft. Dix strains acquired from Rutgers University). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. ß-caryophyllene (24.73%) was the major compound followed by caryophyllene oxide (5.91%), a-humulene (3.485) and ß-pinene (2.54%). Preliminary screening was performed by topically delivering 1 ul droplet of the treatments dissolved in acetone. The EOKC induced 61.9% and 66.7% mortality 24 hr after treatment in Bayonne and Ft. Dix strains, respectively, at 100 µg/bug. Four major compounds, viz, ß-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, a-humulene and ß-pinene were selected based on their availability and subjected to topical, residual and fumigation bioassays. Only ß-caryophyllene induced high toxicity in both the strains when applied topically at 100 µg/bed bug. None of the selected compounds induced significant toxicity in residual and fumigant bioassay.