Neonatal mortality associated with sodium monofluoracetate in kids fed with colostrum from goats ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis

Authors: LOPES, JOSE - Veterinary Hospital, Federal University Of Campina Grande (UFCG); ARAUJO, JOSE - Escola Superior Batista Do Amazonas; PESSOA, DANIELLE - Veterinary Hospital, Federal University Of Campina Grande (UFCG); Lee, Stephen; Cook, Daniel; RIET-CORREA, FRANKLIN - National Agricultural Research Institute(INIA); MEDEIROS, ROSANE - Veterinary Hospital, Federal University Of Campina Grande (UFCG)

Submitted to: Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/9/2018
Publication Date: 3/1/2019
Citation: Lopes, J.R., Araujo, J.A., Pessoa, D.A., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F., Medeiros, R.M. 2019. Neonatal mortality associated with sodium monofluoracetate in kids fed with colostrum from goats ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 39(3):163-167. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5949.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5949

Interpretive Summary: Sudden death after colostrum ingestion in kids and lambs born to mothers grazing in areas with Amorimia septentrionalis have been reported in Paraíba, Brazil. This objective of this study was to determine if monofluoracetate (MF) contained in A. septentrionalis is eliminated in milk, causing the death of kids. Twenty six pregnant goats were randomly distributed into three groups. In Group 1, eight goats received fresh leaves of A. septentrionalis in daily doses of 1g/kg body weight, administered at three different periods during gestation: from days 91 to 100, 116 to 125, and from day 140 until delivery day. In Group 2, eight goats received 1g/kg body weight of A. septentrionalis dried leaves, fed daily from the 140th day of gestation until delivery. The other two goats of this group did not ingest the plant during gestation and after delivery the colostrum supplied to their kids was replaced by colostrum of goats from that same group that had ingested the plant. Eight goats from Group 3 did not ingest A. septentrionalis. Seven goats from Group 1 showed signs of poisoning, in all 3 dosing periods, and recovered. One other goat was severely poisoned and was euthanized. Two goats aborted. Four kids, from two goats, received colostrum and, after 15 minutes, died. Two goats gave birth at night and the kids were found dead. The last goat in this group gave birth to two kids which showed no signs of poisoning after colostrum ingestion. In Group 2, the eight goats that ingested dry leaves of the plant showed signs of poisoning. Six of these goats aborted, and the kids of the other two goats died immediately after delivery without ingesting colostrum. The three kids of the two goats that did not ingest the plant during gestation did not show signs of poisoning after ingesting colostrum from the goats that had ingested the plant. In Group 3, all goats gave birth normally and the kids showed no signs of poisoning. Ten leaf samples of A. septentrionalis contained 0.00074% ±0.00018 MF. These results demonstrate that the MF of A. septentrionalis is eliminated in colostrum and may cause the death of kids. As in previous reports, the plant also caused abortion.

Technical Abstract: Sudden deaths after colostrum ingestion in kids and lambs born to mothers grazing in areas with Amorimia septentrionalis have been reported in the Brazilian northeastern semi-arid region, in Paraíba state. This study aimed to determine whether the sodium monofluoracetate (MF) contained in A. septentrionalis is eliminated in milk, causing the death of kids. After confirming gestation on the 25th day after mating, 26 goats were randomly distributed into three groups. In Group 1, eight goats received fresh leaves of A. septentrionalis in daily doses of 1g/kg body weight, administered at three different periods during gestation: from days 91 to 100, 116 to 125, and from day 140 until delivery day. In Group 2, consisting of 10 females, eight goats received 1g/kg body weight of A. septentrionalis dried and milled leaves, fed daily from the 140th day of gestation until delivery. The other two goats of this group did not ingest the plant during gestation and after delivery the colostrum supplied to their kids was replaced by colostrum of goats from that same group that had ingested the plant. Eight goats from Group 3 (control) did not ingest A. septentrionalis. Seven goats from Group 1 showed signs of poisoning from 2nd to 8th days of plant administration, in all periods, and recovered within 7 to 12 days. Another goat presented severe clinical signs and was submitted to euthanasia in extremis. Two goats aborted. Four kids, from two goats, received colostrum and, after 15 minutes, presented depression, breathing wheezing, lateral recumbence, bleating, and death. Two goats gave birth at night; the two kids were found dead and, at necropsy, it was verified that they were born alive. The last goat in this group gave birth to two kids which showed no signs of poisoning after colostrum ingestion. In Group 2, the eight goats that ingested dry leaves of the plant presented tachycardia and engorgement of the jugular veins; six aborted, and the kids of the other two goats died immediately after delivery without ingesting colostrum. The three kids of the two goats that did not ingest the plant during gestation did not show signs of poisoning after ingesting colostrum from the goats that had ingested the plant. In Group 3, all females kidded normally and the kids showed no signs of poisoning. Ten leaf samples of A. septentrionalis contained 0.00074% ±0.00018 MF. These results demonstrate that the MF of A. septentrionalis is eliminated in colostrum and may cause the death of kids. As in previous reports, the plant also caused abortion.