Skip to main content
ARS Home » Northeast Area » Beltsville, Maryland (BARC) » Beltsville Agricultural Research Center » Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #356091

Research Project: Improving Dairy Animals by Increasing Accuracy of Genomic Prediction, Evaluating New Traits, and Redefining Selection Goals

Location: Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory

Title: Promotion of alleles by genome engineering

Author
item Cole, John

Submitted to: CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources
Publication Type: Review Article
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/29/2019
Publication Date: 4/24/2019
Citation: Cole, J.B. 2019. Promotion of alleles by genome engineering. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources. 14(015):1-15.

Interpretive Summary: Gentic selection programs based on pedigree and performance information have been used very successfully to improve livestock populations for decades. The introduction of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping about 10 years ago lead to increased rates of gain through more accurate prediction of genetic merit earlier in life. Recent advances in gene-editing technology have encouraged livestock geneticists to propose new breeding schemes that combine traditional selection methodology with gene editing to substantially increase rates of genetic gain while also reducing harmful effects from inbreeding. Intense debate about the use of these technologies in the animal food chain are being driven by regulatory agencies and consumer advocates, and it is not clear if gene-edited animals will be acceptable to consumers. This review focuses on the application of genetic engineering and genome engineering tools to genetic improvement of livestock for both single-gene and complex traits. Limitations of the current technology, such as limited knowledge of true causal variants, are discussed, as are regulatory and consumer acceptance issues.”

Technical Abstract: Traditional genetic selection programs based on pedigree and performance information have been used to improve livestock populations for decades. The introduction of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping about 10 years ago supported increased rates of gain through more accurate prediction of genetic merit earlier in life. Recent continued technological advances enable the routine use of genetic engineering and gene editing tools in livestock research and, increasingly, production systems. Livestock geneticists have responded by proposing new breeding schemes that combine traditional selection methodology with these new tools to substantially increase rates of genetic gain while reducing harmful effects due to decreased heterozygosity. Genetic improvement strategies based on gene drives have the potential further increase rates of gain but pose risks that may not be acceptable to the public. Intense debate about the use of these technologies in the animal food chain are being driven by regulatory agencies and consumer advocates, and it is not clear if genetically modified animals will be acceptable to consumers. This review focuses on the application of genetic engineering and genome engineering tools to livestock population improvement through the management of genetic load and the promotion of desirable alleles in the population associated with both single-gene and complex traits. Limitations of the current technology, such as limited knowledge of true causal variants, are discussed, as are regulatory and consumer acceptance issues.