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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Ames, Iowa » National Animal Disease Center » Virus and Prion Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #329370
Title: Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): historical and current concepts

Author
item LANGEL, STEPHANIE - Ohio Agricultural Research & Development Center
item PAIM, FRANCINE - The Ohio State University
item Lager, Kelly
item VLASOVA, ANASTASIA - The Ohio State University
item SAIF, LINDA - The Ohio State University

Submitted to: Virus Research
Publication Type: Review Article
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/18/2016
Publication Date: 5/19/2016
Citation: Langel, S.N., Paim, F.C., Lager, K.M., Vlasova, A.N., Saif, L.J. 2016. Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): historical and current concepts. Virus Research. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.016.

Interpretive Summary: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) emerged in the United States for the first time in 2013 and spread rapidly throughout the country. The virus causes a severe diarrhea in suckling pigs leading to a high mortality rate which resulted in about an 8% reduction in the total US pig crop during the first year of the epidemic. Although losses attributed to PEDV have greatly reduced since then, at the beginning of the 4th year of PEDV in North America there are still many actively infected herds suffering chronic losses. The best way to protect suckling piglets from disease is to develop a quality anti-PEDV immune response in the sow that can be passed to her piglets through colostrum and milk. This review updates what is currently understood about the sow immune response and how it affects the production of colostrum, specifically in regards to PEDV. This knowledge can be used to improve the quality of colostrum and milk immunity which can contribute to improved PEDV control prevention strategies.

Technical Abstract: Morbidity, mortality, and loss of productivity from enteric diseases in neonatal piglets cost swine producers millions of dollars annually. In 2013-2014, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreak led to $900 million to $1.8 billion in annual losses to US swine producers. Passive lactogenic immunity remains the most promising and effective way to protect neonatal suckling piglets from enteric diseases like PEDV. Protecting suckling piglets through lactogenic immunity is dependent on trafficking of pathogen-specific IgA plasmablasts to the mammary gland and accumulation of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in milk, defined as the gut-mammary-sIgA axis. Due to an impermeable placenta, piglets are born agammaglobulinic, and are highly susceptible to a plethora of infectious agents. They rely solely on colostrum and milk antibodies for maternal lactogenic immunity. Previous advances in the development of live and attenuated vaccines for another devastating diarrheal virus of pigs, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), provide insights into the mechanisms of maternal immunity and piglet protection. In this chapter, we will review previous research on TGEV-induced lactogenic immunity to provide a historical perspective on current efforts for PEDV control and vaccines in the swine industry. Identifying factors that influence lactogenic immunity and the gut-mammary-sIgA axis may lead to improved vaccine regimens for PEDV and other enteric pathogens in gestating swine and improved overall herd immunity, swine health and industry productivity.