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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Corvallis, Oregon » Horticultural Crops Research Unit » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #322768
Title: First report of a resistance-breaking strain of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in North America

Author
item LANNING, K - Washington State University
item MOORE, P - Washington State University
item Keller, Karen
item Martin, Robert

Submitted to: Plant Disease
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/16/2016
Publication Date: 3/23/2016
Citation: Lanning, K.K., Moore, P.P., Keller, K.E., Martin, R.R. 2016. First report of a resistance-breaking strain of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in North America. Plant Disease. 100(4):868. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1011-PDN.

Interpretive Summary: Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is the most important virus of Rubus worldwide. Infection of RBDV is associated with drupelet abortion, resulting in crumbly fruit. Multiple RBDV strains have been reported, with the Scottish-type (D200) strains being the most prevalent, and for which the single dominant resistance gene, Bu, confers resistance. The strains previously reported in North America did not overcome the Bu resistance gene. Resistance-breaking (RB) isolates have been identified in Europe in the mid-1980s. In May 2014, as part of a breeding plot survey at the Washington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center (Puyallup, WA), leaf samples were collected from an established red raspberry planting, which included multiple RBDV resistant cultivars. The entire planting was a minimum of four years old and included many RBDV-infected plants to ensure significant disease pressure. Total RNA was extracted and evaluated for RBDV using RBDV specific primers and probes using reverse-transcription Real-Time PCR. Fourteen cultivars that have been reported previously as resistant to the type strains of RBDV tested positive, including: ‘Boyne’; ‘Cascade Dawn’; ‘Chief’; ‘Chilcotin’; ‘Cowichan’; ‘Goldenwest’; ‘Haida’; ‘Heritage’; ‘Killarney’; ‘Latham’; ‘Newburgh’; ‘Schonemann’; ‘Sumner’ and ‘Willamette.’ Real-Time PCR primers and probe targeting the capsid protein (CP) region for the black raspberry strain and the type strains (D200) were used to confirm the presence of RNA-2 in the total RNA extracts. ‘Willamette’, ‘Cascade Harvest’, ‘Chief’, and ‘Boyne’ also tested positive for RBDV using TAS-ELISA confirming the presence of an RB isolate of RBDV in these cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a resistance-breaking isolate of RBDV in North America.

Technical Abstract: Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is pollen-transmitted and the most important virus of Rubus worldwide. Infection of RBDV is associated with drupelet abortion, resulting in crumbly fruit. Multiple RBDV strains have been reported, with the Scottish-type (D200) strains being the most prevalent, and for which the single dominant resistance gene, Bu, confers resistance. Resistance-breaking (RB) isolates have been confined to Europe . In May 2014, as part of a breeding plot survey at the Washington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center (Puyallup, WA), leaf samples were collected from an established red raspberry planting, which included multiple RBDV resistant cultivars. The entire planting was a minimum of four years old and included many RBDV-infected plants to ensure significant disease pressure. Total RNA was extracted and evaluated for RBDV using RBDV specific primers and probes using reverse-transcription Real-Time PCR. A cytochrome oxidase internal control was used to confirm quality of RNA extracts. Fourteen cultivars that have been reported previously as resistant to the type strains of RBDV tested positive, including: ‘Boyne’; ‘Cascade Dawn’; ‘Chief’; ‘Chilcotin’; ‘Cowichan’; ‘Goldenwest’; ‘Haida’; ‘Heritage’; ‘Killarney’; ‘Latham’; ‘Newburgh’; ‘Schonemann’; ‘Sumner’ and ‘Willamette.’ Real-Time PCR primers and probe targeting the capsid protein (CP) region for the black raspberry strain and the type strains (D200) were used to confirm the presence of RNA-2 in the total RNA extracts. ‘Willamette’, ‘Cascade Harvest’, ‘Chief’, and ‘Boyne’ also tested positive for RBDV using TAS-ELISA confirming the presence of an RB isolate of RBDV in these cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a resistance-breaking isolate of RBDV in North America.