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ARS Home » Midwest Area » St. Paul, Minnesota » Cereal Disease Lab » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #177523
Title: PHYSIOLOGIC SPECIALIZATION OF PUCCINIA TRITICINA ON WHEAT IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2003

Author
item Kolmer, James
item Long, David
item Hughes, Mark

Submitted to: Plant Disease
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/20/2005
Publication Date: 11/1/2005
Citation: Kolmer, J.A., Long, D.L., Hughes, M.E. 2005. Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2003. Plant Disease. 89:1201-1206.

Interpretive Summary: Collections of the rust fungus Puccinia triticina, that is the cause of the leaf rust disease on wheat, were obtained from the major wheat growing regions of the U.S. in 2002. The collections of the leaf rust fungus were purified on seedlings of wheat plants in greenhouses, and were then tested for their ability to attack 16 different types of wheat, that each have a different gene that gives resistance to the leaf rust fungus. From the many collections (763) that were tested on the wheat lines, 50 different types of leaf rust (physiologic races) were described in the U.S. in 2003. Different races of leaf rust were found in the southeastern states and the Ohio Valley areas where soft red winter wheats are grown, compared with races that were found in the southern and northern Great Plains region of the U.S where hard red winter and spring wheats, respectively are grown. The leaf rust races differ in their ability to attack the different types of wheat cultivars that are grown in the U.S., which has lead to the different wheat growing areas of the U.S. having different leaf rust races. The results from this study can be used by wheat breeders and plant pathologists to determine which leaf rust resistance genes can be added to wheat breeding programs in order to develop wheat cultivars with good resistance to the many different races of the leaf rust fungus.

Technical Abstract: Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Southeast, California, and the Pacific Northwest, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2003. Single uredinial isolates (580 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18. In the United States in 2003, 52 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MBDS which is virulent to resistance gene Lr17, was the most common phenotype in the United States. MBDS was found in the Southeast, Great Plains, the Ohio Valley, and California. Virulence phenotype THBJ, which is virulent to Lr16 and Lr26, was the second most common phenotype, and was found in the southern and northern central Great Plains region. Phenotype MCDS, virulent to Lr17 and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype and occurred in the same regions as MBDS. The use of wheat cultivars with leaf rust seedling resistance genes has selected leaf rust phenotypes with virulence to genes Lr9, Lr16, Lr17, Lr24, and Lr26. The population of P. trticina in the U.S. is highly diverse for virulence phenotypes, which will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with highly effective resistance that is durable.