OPTIMIZATION OF IMMUNE FUNCTION IN MILITARY PERSONNEL

Authors: Meydani, Simin; EKSIR, FARIA - TUFTS/HNRCA

Submitted to: Workshop Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/8/2004
Publication Date: 1/10/2006
Citation: Meydani, S., Eksir, F. 2006. Optimization of immune function in military personnel. In: Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations. Eds. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC: 330-36.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Although moderate amounts of exercise can improve immune system function, strenuous physical activity can suppress the immune response. Studies have reported that during combat and rigorous training, soldiers are exposed to many stress factors, which can affect different components of the immune system. Lack of sleep, low energy food rations, and psychological stress are among those factors contributing to a low immune response. During military training and maneuvers, soldiers are often exposed to long durations of strenuous physical activity, which makes the impact even more serious. The duration of physical stress and low energy intake associated with military life can severely alter immune response and increase a soldier's risk of infection. Many studies have shown the impact of individual stress factors on immune function. Immunological studies conducted on military personnel have reported several unfavorable consequences resulting from stresses associated with military life. A major concern has to do with the low calorie food ration provided for soldiers in combat. Studies have well documented the impact of dietary intake on physical performance and on the immune response. Undernutrition and/or malnutrition, especially during stressful times, can result in suppression of the immune response, which can lead to increased susceptibility to infection (particularly respiratory infection) and diarrheal diseases, which are often experienced by combat personnel. In fact, it has been documented that during combat, diseases account for more inactive days than either combat wounds or non-battle injury cases among military personnel. The question is what dietary strategies and measures can be followed to ameliorate the situation for our military personnel.